【 – 写作指导】
篇一:《对比观点选择题》
对比观点选择题
1、大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般为：有一些人；还有人；我的看法或观点；
2、少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况，此时可以补充成三点提纲来写作。
2000年6月CET作文题目 （CET-4）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your competition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……
2. 也有人持不同意见，……
3. 我的看法和打算
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people contend that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for years cannot communicate with a native English speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel at grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely when speaking. A test of spoken English will bring the importance of speaking English to the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills.
On the other hand, there are also people who maintain that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the average English learners. College students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Also, some students may take the shortcut and only practice the questions according to the fixed format of the test, which will not actually improve their spoken English.
I believe that a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall make all efforts to practice my spoken English in the rest years in college.
1999年6月(CET-4)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有人认为读书要有选择
2. 有人认为应当博览群书
3. 我的看法
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Some people think when we read we should read selectively. That is to say, we should select some books we are interested in and ignore the others. Reading selectively can help us concentrate our limited time and attention on those selected books.
Others think we should read extensively. No matter what kind of book it is, we should look it over. We should read various kinds of books, whether we are interested in them or not. They maintain that reading extensively can help to enlarge our view and grasp the general knowledge in different fields.
In my opinion, the two reading ways have their roles respectively in our reading. However, the disadvantages of each method are easy to see. If we only read the books we select or prefer, the framework of our knowledge may not be complete. Our knowledge would be rather limited. And if we read without selection, we may not have so much time and energy to be specialized in one particular field. Therefore, the combination of the two methods is more reasonable.
1998年6月CET-4
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers”Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运
2. 我认为数字和运气无关，……
Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
Some people take it for granted that some lucky numbers can bring them good luck. For instance, the so-called lucky number "8" sounds like "getting rich" in Chinese and is believed to bring good fortune. Therefore, they are inclined to choose a car number, a room number or a mobile phone number with “8”. And they believe it will give them more good luck and bring them more fortune.
In my view, numbers have nothing to do with luck. There are no relation between the so-called lucky numbers and luck. Numbers are simply mathematic symbols for counting. They are anything but a mystery. We mustn't count on the so-called lucky numbers to fulfill our wishes.
Whether we can have good luck depends on ourselves. If we work hard, good luck will come to us. The only key to success or wealth lies in hard work. We should believe in our own efforts to strive for the success and wealth.
篇二:《unit 4作文讲解：比较与对照》
比较与对照
比较和对照是认识事物的逻辑方法。比较的目的在于揭示两个或两个以上的人、观点或事物的相似性而对照的目的在于揭示两个或两个以上的人、观点或事物的差异。但是在许多情况下，两者经常一起使用。
整体比较
将双方情况按一定次序，先集中写一方的几个方面，然后对应地写另一方的几个方面。其排列方式为：A1A2A3——B1B2B3。此法适用于所比之点少，且每点内容比较简单，其优点是容易组织材料，因此常常为初学者选用。
请看下面范文：
Directions：For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 12o words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below：
(1)有人认为读书要有选择
(2)有人认为应当博览群书
(3)我的看法
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
(1)When asked whether we should read selectively or extensively, people give different answers.
(2)Some people think we should read selectively. (3)They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published every day. (4)It is impossible for us to read all the books. (5)Besides, they hold there are as many good books as there are bad books．(6)Good books can give us pleasure and knowledge，while bad books can only lead us astray．(7)Since we can’t read all the books, and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively．
(8)But others may not agree．(9)They emphasize that today’s society is not what it used to be．(10)If we want to be successful, we must read widely and acquire knowledge in both natural science and humanities．(11)They also maintain that reading extensively can help to enlarge our view and grasp the general knowledge in different fields．(12)If a man knows much in one field but little in others, he may not be of great use to the society．(13)Since we must have a wide range of knowledge, we must read extensively．
(1 4)In my opinion，we should read extensively first and then read selectively and dig into the subject we want to specialize in．
(1999年6月六级试题)
点评：
1．结构分析
引言段是一个主从复合句，从句开门见山引出被比较的对象——“读书要有选择”还是“应当博览群书”，主句提出人们对此有不同观点，为下文对两方进行比较做好了铺垫。在两个正文段落中，第一段讨论的是“读书要有选择”，第二句概述读书要有选择，接下来的四个
句子讨论了读书要有选择的理由，有力的支持了第二句，第二个正文段转入了对“应当博览群书”的讨论，第八句概述了应当博览群书，接着作者提出了应当博览群书的两个理由，并逐一对其进行了具体说明，这些句子都有力地说明了第八句。结尾段表明了作者的态度——
在博览群书的基础上来有选择性的阅读自己专业的书籍。从以上分析我们可以看到本文结构严谨，具有很强的说服力，值得考生效仿。
2．语言特色
(1)第一句用的是when引出的简约状语从句，显示出句式的多样性，其主句是一种表达人们有不同看法的句式，所以本句颇具特色，值得考生模仿。
(2)本文中值得考生注意的语言亮点是选词的多样性，在表达“认为”时，恐怕大多数考生只会用“think"。如果都用think，效果当然很差，本文作者除了用think外，还用了argue，hold，maintain，emphasize，最后表达作者观点时，用的是in my opinion其效果是显而易见的。
(3)本文所使用的过渡词语使用地道，在由“读书要有选择”转入“应当博览群书”的讨论时，用的是but，而在讨论“读书要有选择”时，用了besides，在讨论“应当博览群书”时，用了also来表示递进说明，增强了文章的连贯性。这些简单的词语人人都会，但是却常常没有用自己的作文中，实在太可惜了，确实值得考生学习。
从以上范文，我们可以看出整体比较文章的结构：
引言段：提出被比较的事物A和B
正文段：B的优点1
B的优点2
B的优点3
A的优点1
A的优点2
A的优点3
结尾段：平衡两种看法，提出作者看法
或：
引言段：提出被比较的事物A和B及作者的选择A(也可在结尾段提出)
正文段：承认B的优点
B的缺点1
B的缺点2
B的缺点3
A的优点1
A的优点2
A的优点3
结尾段：再次重申选A而不选B
整体比较文章可按以下模板来写：
模板一
第一段：描述现状，提出要比较的事物及一种事物A的优点
(1)When asked the question whether A is better than B，(被比较的事物)people may give different answers．(2)Some people appreciate the of A．(A的优点)(3)For one thing，it ．(细节，说明A的优点)(4)For another thing，it ．(细节，说明A的优点)
第二段：阐述另一事物B的优点
(5)But B is also attractive／important／good．(B的优点)(6)To begin with，It offers (细节，说明B的优点)(7)Furthermore，it ．(细节，说明B的优点)
第三段：提出双方的缺点(这部分可取舍)
(8)However，each has its own disadvantages．(A、B均有 缺点)(9)A has some problems such as (A的缺点)(10)B also has some problems such as and ．(B
的缺点)。
第四段：作者选择
(11)It is easy to see that both A and B have their advantages and disadvantages. (12)As far as I am concerned，I’d prefer A for I enjoy the and of A．(作者的选择)
模板二
第一段：(1)Both A and B are ．(被比较事物)
With…more and more people are able to／tend to (说明：第一句可参照因果分析中介绍背景的句式写)
(2)Some people prefer A while others like B．(人们不同的选择)
第二段：(3)It is true that B is very important／attractive／good，but it cannot do／is not／has its disadvantages／drawbacks／demerits．(引出作者不赞成事物／观点的缺点)
(4)First，it (B的缺点一)(5)(For example，) it ．(细节，说明缺点
一)(6)Secondly，it ．(B的缺点二)(7)(For example，)it ．(细节，说明缺点二)
第三段：(8)By comparison，A helps (引出作者选择事物／观点的优点)(9)First，
A (A的优点一)(10) (For example，)it (细节，说明优点一)(11)Secondly，
A (A的优点二)(12)(For example，)it (细节，说明优点二)
第四段：(13)In my opinion，A is more important／more attractive／better than B／A outweighs／dwarfs B．(14)So I’d prefer A．(作者的选择)
(说明：本模板中，也可先写作者选定的事物的优点，后写他不赞成的事物的缺点。第一段和第四段不变)
Assignment:
1. Title：Where to Live—in the city Or in the Countryside城市生活与乡村生活
Outline：(1)Conveniences of the city
(2)Attraction of the countryside
(3)Disadvantages of both
(4)My preference
2. 题目：My Favorite Form of Transport in Traveling我喜欢的交通工具
提纲：(1)有的大学生喜欢乘火车旅游次开发
(2)有的则喜欢乘船旅游
(3)比较起来，我喜欢……
3．Title：Physical Recreation And Intellectual Activities体育锻炼与智力活动
Direction：Some people argue that physical recreation is more important than intellectual activities．Others believe the opposite．Which do you think is more valuable to someone your age?
4．题目：Which Mode of Travel Do You Like?你喜欢团体游，还是自助游?
提纲：(1)有的人喜欢团体游(package tours)
(2)有的人喜欢自助游(traveling on one’s own)
(3)比较这两种旅游方式，我喜欢的是……
逐点比较法
围绕某一点分述双方各自的情况，排列的方法是A1B1一A2B2一A3B3，……。逐点比较法的优点是线索清晰，比较和对照的效果明显因而适用于较长文章，但所比之点也不能太多，一般以三、四点为宜。另外要特别注意适当并正确使用过渡词语。请看下面范文： Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words about Bicycles一an Important Means of Transport in China．You should base your
composition on the following outline：
(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及
(2)和汽车的比较
(3)自行车在中国的前途
Bicycles—an Important Means Of Transport in China
(1)Bicycles, beyond all doubt, are important means of transport nowadays in China. (2)Almost every family has one，or even more bikes．
(3)Compared with cars or buses，bikes have many advantages．(4)First，it is convenient for people to ride bikes．(5)They can ride bicycles at any time and to any places where wide roads and parking rooms needed by cars are not available．(6)Second，the cheapness of a bike over a car is obvious．(7)Despite the development of our car industry and the improvement in people’s living standard；it is still impossible for average people to afford cars．(8)Third, people can get physical exercising through riding bicycles．(9)It’s unhealthful for modern man to spend much time sitting in a vehicle．(10)Finally, riding bikes does no harm to our environment．(11)Unlike cars and buses，bikes consume no fuel and discharge no smoke．
(12)Because of these unique advantages offered by riding bicycles over taking buses，bicycles have been and will still remain a very popular means of transport in China．
(1991年1月四级试题)
点评：
1．结构分析
引言段用演绎法写成，第一句开门见山提出自行车是中国人的主要交通工具，第二句用具体事例说明自行车在中国的普及。第二段为正文段，第三句引出了全文的主题——较之汽车，自行车有许多优点。第四、六、八、十句分别提出了自行车的优点——出行方便、便宜、利于健康、利于环保，有力地说明了全文的主题。值得特别指出的是这四个句子不是想到什么就写什么，而是经过作者深思熟虑，按“层进”顺序提出，将最重要的优点——环保放到最后，突出了重点，这点很值得考生们借鉴。加上在上述句子后面又各带有一个句子对汽车的弊端进行说明，大大增强了文章说服力。在结尾段作者只用了一个句子，非常干净利落地下结论——自行车的上述优点将使其作为主要交通的地位得以保持。从以上分析我们可以看到本文结构严谨，说服力强，值得考生效仿。
2．语言特色
(1)形式主语的应用是本文语言的一个亮点，本文三处用到高频句式It is+形容词for sb．to do．sth．，特别需要提及的是第四句It is convenient for people to ride bikes．在用convenient一词时不少学生按照汉语句式“我们……很方便”写成“we are convenient to do sth．”，这不符合英美人的表达习惯，值得考生注意。
(2)另外，本文中用了不少地道的语句，也值得考生注意。例如：beyond all doubt，be available，spend time doing sth．(不少学生写的是spend time to do sth．)，do harm to…(我们可以引伸出do good to…)以及offer sb．sth．和afford sth．(afford后面不必用to buy)等。
(3)注意本文所使用的过渡词语：在罗列自行车优点时用的是表示顺序的first，second，third，finally；表示转折时用的是表示让步的介词despite；而表示原因时用的是复合介词 because of，希望考生们能把这些简单的词语用在自己的作文中，以增强文章的连贯性。 从以上范文，我们可以看出逐点比较文章的结构：
引言段：提出被比较的事物(A和B)和作者的选择(A)
正文段：承认B的优点
B的缺点1
A的相应优点1
B的缺点2
A的相应优点2
B的缺点3
A的相应优点3
结尾段：再次重申选A而不选B
逐点比较的作文可按下面模板来写：
第一段：描述现状，提出要比较的事物(A和B)及作者的选择(A)
(1)There has sprung up a heated discussion about A and B．(比较事物)(2)While some people think B is I’d like to prefer A．(选择)
第二段：承认B的优点，转入对B的缺点和A的优点的对照
(3)Of course B has many advantages．(承认B的优点)(4)But it cannot (B的缺点
一)(5)On the contrary，A can ．(A相应的优点一)(6)Besides，B ．(B的缺点
二)(7)A ．(A相应的优点二)(8)B ．(B的缺点三)(9)However，A ．(A相应的优点三)
第三段：结论：重申选A
(10)From the above comparison，we can see that A is superior to/carries more weight than/outweighs/dwarfs B．
(11)So I’d like to prefer A for its and 常用句型:
1．表示“相异性”的句型
1) X is+形容词比较级than Y
2)X is not as／so+形容词as Y．
3)X is not the same as Y．／X and Y are not the same．
4)X secures／enjoys／gains great advantage／superiority over Y．
5)X is superior to Y．
6)X is quite／entirely／totally／completely different from Y．
7)X and Y are different／unlike／dissimilar in…
e．g． Plants and animals are different in strueture．
8)X is different from／dissimilar to／unlike Y in…
9)X can be distinguished from Y by…
10)The main difference／One of the differences between X and Y is that…
11)X，unlike／as distinguished from／as distinct from／as opposed to Y，…
e．g． Plants，unlike animals，are generally stationary．
12)X is／does／has not…as Y．
e．g．Plants do not move as animals do．
13)X contrasts with Y in…
e．g．Plants contrast with animals in having a narrower range of food．
14)X…，but／whereas／while Y…(并列连词连接两个含有对照意义的分句)
15)X…as against／as compared with／as opposed to(…of) Y．
e．g． Plants have a narrow range of food as against the wide range of food of animals．
16)X is just the opposite(to Y)．(X与Y正相反)
e．g． Animals have a wide range of food，while plants are just the opposite．
2．表示“相似性"的句型
篇三:《练习题》
Part I Writing (15 marks)
注意：此部分试题在试卷二上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (20 marks)
注意：此部分试题答案涂在答题卡上。
Questions 1-10
Part III Reading comprehension (40 marks)
注意：此部分试题答案涂在答题卡上。
Passage One 11-15
Passage Two 16-20
Passage Three 21-25
Passage Four 26-30
Part IV Cloze (20 marks)
注意：此部分试题答案涂在答题卡上。
Questions 31-50
Part V Translation (5 marks)
注意：此部分试题在试卷二上作答。
Questions 51-55
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）；
2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil)；
3. 我的看法。
Can Money Buy Happiness?
There are people who think that money can buy happiness. It is true that with enough money one can buy all the things one wants, and live a life of comfort and security. And it is equally true that lack of money causes great distress.
However, it is a common view that “money is the root of all evil.” The pursuit of money drives many people to cheat and steal. In some places there is nothing that cannot be bought with money, resulting in corrupt societies where everybody is
miserable.
In my opinion, if we make honest and sensible use of money it can be a stepping-stone to happiness. If we earn money lawfully we can be proud of our achievement in gaining wealth. But we must also put our money to good use, so that it benefits not only ourselves but our fellowman as well. Thus, my conclusion is that although money cannot buy happiness, it can make happiness possible if it is employed sensible.
Reading Selectively or Extensively?
1．有人认为读书要有选择；
2．有人认为应当博览群书；
3．我的看法
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own opinion.
Some people believe we should read selectively. They argue that, more and more books are published every day with the development of modern science and technology. It is impossible for us to read all the books. At the same time there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, so we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books, and we shouldn’t read bad books, we should read selectively.
But others may not agree it. They emphasize that today’s society is not like before. If you want to be successful, you should read widely and acquire knowledge in both natural sciences and humanities. If a ma knows much in one field but knows nothing in others, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
In my opinion, it is difficult to say who is right because there is a lot to be said for both sides of the argument. However, I think we should read extensively first and then learn deeply about what we are interested in.
Part IV Cloze
For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.
The keyour room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant by dropping it through a slot into a box. the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it.
to carry the key around, shaking it vigorously. He also liked to try to place it the slot. Because of his tender age and incomplete of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Benjamin was not bothered in the least. He probably got as pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot.
Now both Ellen I were perfectly happy to allow Benjamin to bang
the key near the key slot. His exploratory behavior seemed enough. I soon observed an phenomenon. Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch Benjamin and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist. He or she would hold onto Benjamin's hand and, gently firmly, guide it directly toward the slot, reposition it as necessary, and help him to insert it. The "teacher" would then smile somewhat expectantly at Ellen or me, awaiting a thank you — and on occasion would slightly, as if considering us to be neglecting our parental duties.
I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant our assigned tasks in China: to the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. And so before long I began to introduce the key-slot anecdote into my discussions with Chinese educators.
1. A) telling B) boring C) interesting D) misery
2.
Part V Translation
Direction: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
that they worked on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.
(不太可能) to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task.
come back for more.
允许他) to bang the key near the key slot.
离开旅馆), a guest was encouraged to turn in the key.
6. ,was attached to a large plastic
block with the room number on it.
7. I soon realized that this incident was directly (关于) our assigned task in China.
（中国的教育者们）
Part V Translation
Direction: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
that they worked on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.
不太可能) to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task.
come back for more.
(允许他) to bang the key near the key 离开旅馆), a guest was encouraged to turn in the key.
6. （我们房间的钥匙）,was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it.
7. I soon realized that this incident was directly (关于) our assigned task in China.
8. I began to introduce the key-slot anecdote into my discussions
（中国的教育者们）
篇四:《四级复习》
2006年6月至2010年6月真题中最有可能被考中的单词威胁
2006-6
Position complex partially transfer deserve insurance expenses immigrant
It’s understandable that girls don’t get along. Thus Americans admire a “well-organized” person. She’s worried about the seminar. 2006-12
Budget personality emotional behavior sightseeing restore historical achieve
Christmas is around the corner.
So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten. The tickets are sold in advance at half price. 2007-6
Seriously reservation commercial regret admission assistant cripple Celebrate
She was devoted to her family.
He declined to discuss the condition of his wife. The roof collapsed. 2007-12
Reception furniture athlete efficient recruit adoption crisis influence
Adoption has much to do with the love. If Paul were my son, I would just not worry.
You must have confused me with my twin brother Jason. 2008-6
Audience reputation revenue technology tedious compare disguise consult
Don’t admit anyone unless you have an appointment. Have you had any contact with Japan in your present job? You can also expect to take greater control of your career 2008-12
Extremely abstract Search profitable resident intelligence cultural community
I've been out of touch with most of my old friends. Have you inquired the apartment complex down the street?
But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways. 2009-06
Confirm promotion contract depressed entertain observe particular severe
In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful
He concentrated on studying how quickly the human mind can remember information. She refused to go out with him until he apologized. 2009-12
Security challenge element instruction essential effect promotion advanced
It seems that your effort has paid off. Is that building behind the parking lot?
The child’s family argued about what medicine he should take. 2010-6
Assignment except experience requirement challenging colleague inflation customer
He was not gender sensitive.
Your complaint may not reach the person in charge. It will add to the family's financial burden 2010-12
eventually(eventual) regulation （regular；regulate）
previous （preview） recommend （recommendation）
eventually （eventual） appealing （appeal） tragedy （tragic）
suspect （suspicion； suspicious）
In addition to saving lives, informative speakers help people acquire fascinating facts about the exciting world.
The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older.
The most annoying thing though, is the way employees watched my friends and me.
Property不动产、财产 A piece of proerty一片地 Lead head头儿、领导 Big major
Publishing company出版公司 Make a living谋生 Originat源于 Cient圣人
Draw on