【话题作文】
第一篇:《《观察一种小动物》教学设计》
设计理念
1、重视学生课前观察，仔细观察是写好此篇习作的关键。
2、通过习作，增强学生对小动物的喜爱之情，培养学生留心观察身边事物的习惯。 教学目标：
1、教会学生按一定的顺序观察事物的方法，抓住动物的特点用一段通顺连贯的话写下来。
2、让学生认识到动物是人类的好朋友，学生在习作中表达出对动物的喜爱之情。
3、教学重点：
学会按一定的顺序观察事物的方法。
教学难点：
学生能按一定的顺序描述自己喜欢的动物。
教学准备
电脑课件（小动物图片） 学生课前观察动物
教学过程：
一、激情引趣，图片欣赏（1） 谈话激趣，播放各种动物的幻灯片。
（2）拟题
确定自己喜欢的动物题目（拟题参考）
【设计意图：开课伊始借助图片帮助学生回忆生活中自己喜欢的小动物，激发了学生的兴趣，确定自己喜欢的动物。】
二、回顾课文 体会写法
学生自由找课文句子，说出好句的作用：（简单扼要）{观察一种动物50字}.
1、《白鹅》主要写了鹅的叫声、步态和吃相，突出了鹅高傲的特点。
2、《白公鹅》用拟人的手法写白公鹅走路的姿态和平时的活动，突出了鹅的“海军上将”派头。
3、《猫》通过细致的观察，用具体的事例、形象的描写，把猫的古怪性格和小时候的活泼可爱的形象。
4、《母鸡》以作者的感情变化为线索，描写了自己对母鸡看法的变化，描写了母鸡负责、慈爱、勇敢、辛苦的特点。语言亲切自然。。
（这四篇课文所描写动物的时候抓住动物的习性特点去写具体，表达出自己对动物的喜爱之情，采用各种写法给人留下深刻的印象。）
【设计意图：叶圣陶先生说过：“语文教材无非就是个例子，凭借这个例子要使学生能够举一反三，练成阅读和作文的熟练技能。” 从教材这些范例中， 感受动物的千姿百态 ，引导学生关注教材提供的范例 ，利用好教材这个范例给学生提供习作方法的借鉴和创造的依据，从而使习作中的语言运用成为有源之水，有本之木。】
三、指导观察，渗透写作顺序
出示一种动物图片，引导学生按一定的顺序来说说动物的各部位（从部分到整体） 出示课件（小鸭子）
【设计意图：这样的引导，让学生有的放矢，即使学生没有很强的表达能力，也可以根据板书说出小鸭子的特点】
四、引导回忆，指导试说，理清顺序。
（1）同桌互说
（2）小组讨论
（3）指名学生说
（4）互评
《写自己喜欢的一种动物》教学设计
【设计意图：如何把已有的材料组织成一篇习作，对四年级的学生来说并不是很容易，在课堂上允许说自己想说的，既尊重了学生，又能发挥群体学习的优势，取长补短，在互议互评中发现描写介绍动物的方法，教师也及时从学生的介绍中总结写法。让孩子们感受自由表达的成功感。这一环节的设计旨在在学生试说重点段的基础上，引领学生揣摩合理的构思，运用准确的语言 掌握具体描述的方法。】
五、出示范例，指导写作
（一）要想写好本次作文，我们还要注意哪些方面呢？
1 外形按照整体-——局部、从头（眼、耳、鼻、嘴等）到尾（尾巴、皮毛等）的顺序仔细观察。先总写动物的外形特点，再围绕总写去分写。
2 生活习性（活动、住的、吃的、本领、脾气等方面）抓住动物的动作、神态生动描写。 3 把自己的喜爱之情写进文章中。
4注意语言准确、生动形象。标点正确、书写认真。
（二）教师桌间巡视，个别指导。
【设计意图：在课堂上允许学生自主选择写自己喜爱的动物，说自己想说的，既尊重了学生，又能发挥群体学习的优势，取长补短，提高口头表达能力。教师还引导学生回顾习作的常规要求也就是一般目标，这样既能做到前后衔接，又能使学生统揽目标。】
课堂小结：这节课我们通过观察小鸭，学会了按一定的顺序介绍自己喜欢的动物，其实观察事物的方法很多，我们今天只是学习了其中的一种，希望同学们在以后的学习和生活中处处留心观察，随时随地把你看到的、听到的、想到的都记录下来，做一个生活中的有心人！{观察一种动物50字}.
板书设计：
写自己喜欢的动物
外形 ：（部分到整体 ）
抓住特点 具体 习性： 活动、步态、吃的、本领、脾气等方面{观察一种动物50字}.
趣事：…… 真情实感 、喜欢
第二篇:《四年级作文 观察一种动物》
四年级作文 观察一种动物
观察蜘蛛
蜘蛛是一种长着八条腿，长着八只眼睛的，以昆虫为食的动物。
以前，我不知道蜘蛛是怎样织网，怎样吃食的。这几天，我仔细观察过，我终于知道它的习性了。
蜘蛛知网的时候，先在树枝间用丝搭起一个“框架”，然后一圈一圈地向里织。网织好了，它就待在网的正中央等待猎物。网的粘性很强，飞上去的小虫只有死路一条。是挣扎不出来的。
蜘蛛身体很小，嘴巴就更小了，它是怎么能吃掉比自己的嘴巴大的东西的呢？我一直在观察。一只蜘蛛捉到的一只苍蝇，把嘴房周苍蝇的身上就不动了。我回家看了昆虫百科全书才知道，原来它在往苍蝇的身体里注进消化液，把苍蝇的身体化成像水一样的东西喝掉。 原来，蜘蛛隐藏着这么多的本领啊！
第三篇:《50字左右的同题作文注意你只能用原作者的观点,不可增加自己的》
阅读以下文章，并在它的基础上写一篇250字左右的同题作文。注意：你只能用原作者的观点，不可增加自己的观点。文章需要有清晰的组织结构，如开头，结尾，明显的主题句，适可的拓展。可以用文章的句型。
Why People Work
人为什么劳动 (Leonard R. Sayles 莱昂纳多·塞勒斯)
Everyone needs to work but what does work mean to him? In the following essay Leonard R. Sayles explores the relationship between work and human beings' well-being.
每个人都必须劳动，可是劳动意味着什么？在下面这篇文章里，莱昂纳多·塞勒斯研究了 劳动和人类幸福之间的关系。
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life － the goods and services that make possible our version of modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life. 工作和劳动带来的幸福和满足感要比我们意识到的大得多。我们习惯于认为，劳动提供了生活的物质财富——它带来的商品和服务使我们的现代文明成为可能。可是，我们却很少意识到劳动带来的无形的、更关键的心理健康，它关系着我们的生活是充实还是空虚。
Why is it that most of us don't put work and human satisfaction together, except when it comes to the end product of work: automobiles and houses and good food?
为什么大多数人除了劳动转化为其最终产品：汽车、房子和珍馐美味的时候，并不能把劳动和满足感结合起来？
It's always useful to blame someone else and the Greeks of the ancient world deserve some blame here. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few free citizens who had not yet accumulated adequate independent resources. The "real" citizens of Greece － whom Plato and others talked about － expected to spend their time in free discussion and contemplation.
责备别人总是有用的，而古老世界的希腊人负有一定责任。那时，劳动只局限于奴隶和少数没有积累到足够独立财富的自由民。柏拉图等人谈到的那些“真正”的希腊公民，只想把时间都花在自由辩论和冥想上。
The Middle Ages didn't help the reputation of work. It became more acceptable to engage in work. In fact, it was asserted that man had a religious duty to fulfill his "calling". To fail to work was immoral － worse, work was thought of as a punishment for the sins of man. 中世纪时期劳动的声誉也没能提高，劳动开始更多地为人们接受。但事实上，当时强调的是人要履行自己“使命”的宗教义务。不劳动是不道德的——更糟糕的是，劳动被看作是对人类罪孽的惩罚。
It's not difficult to understand the tarnished reputation. Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin, compulsion and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation." "I wish I could stay home today." "My boss treats me poorly." "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do
it." Against this backdrop, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity. 因此，不难理解劳动声名狼藉。历史上，劳动一直同奴役、罪孽、强制和惩罚联系在一起。在我们的时代，我们习惯于听到这些传统的抱怨：“我简直等不及要放假。”“我真想今天能呆在家里。”“老板对我很苛刻。”“我要干的活儿这么多，却没有足够的时间干这些活。”在这种环境中，如果我们了解到，不仅心理学家，其它的行为科学家也都承认劳动对个人幸福和成就感的积极贡献，也许就会很吃惊。对大多数人来说， 劳动不仅仅是一种必须，而是生命的焦点，是自我身份和创造力的源泉。
Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its therapeutic effect. A good many patients who languish in clinics, depressed or obsessed, gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing worships wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" industry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside.
劳动不是惩罚或负担，而是实现个人潜力的机会。很多主持心理健康诊疗所的精神病学家，都观察过劳动的治疗效果。很多病人在医院里郁闷憔悴、心情沮丧或 被思绪困扰，当他们获得有益的工作时，就会找回自信，原来严重的症状也大都——如果不是全部的话——消失。越来越多的心理健康问题研究机构正在建立劳动场所，那些病情太重无法在“外部”产业中找到一份工作的人可以在其中工作，同时，他们也尽一切可能为那些可以在外面工作的人安排“真正的”工作。
And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is debilitating. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself?” question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other psychosomatic illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological malaise and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.
反过来也是一样。对许多人来说，不劳动会使人虚弱衰退。即使没有经济顾虑，退休也经常带来很多问题，问题的中心是“我该干什么？”很多人一到周末就犯头疼，或其它一些与身心相关的疾病，因为那时他们没有事可做，而不得不自己想办法消遣。我们发现，失业除了带来经济上的压力外，还带来巨大的心理不安，很多人失业后很快消沉下去。
But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing. After all, large numbers of people continue working when there is no financial or other compulsion. They are independently wealthy; no one would be surprised if they spent their time at leisure. But something inside drives them to work: the unique satisfactions they derive from it.{观察一种动物50字}.
可是为什么呢？为什么劳动会成为人类满足感如此重要的源泉？答案的一部分在于这份工作和完成的活动能引发骄傲感。毕竟，很多人在没有经济或其它压力的情况下仍然劳动。他们能够自立 、富有，就是整日休闲也没有人会奇怪。但某些内在的东西驱使他们去劳动——一种从劳动中获得的独特满足感。
Pride in Accomplishment 成功的骄傲
The human being craves a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that stands outside of us as a tribute to our inherent abilities. This extension of ourselves － in what our hands and minds can do － fills out our personality and expands our ego.
人们渴求成功的感觉，渴望运用自己的双手、智慧和意志去创造。我们每个人都希望自己有能力做些有意义的事，它是我们内在能力的外在标志。我们的双手和智慧所做的一切成为我们自身的延展——它能充实我们的个性，丰富我们的自我。
It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some base material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer or die-maker stand aside and admire the product of his personal skill.{观察一种动物50字}.
这一点在手工艺人身上最容易见到。他充满感情地把原材料变成一件实用、美观或两者兼备的手工艺品。你会看到一个木匠、砖匠或制模工站在一边，欣赏着用自己的技巧完成的作品。
But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people － and thus accomplishing a good deal. 即使没有能够明显地表现个人才能的最终产品，研究者发现劳动者仍然能从完成一件工作中获得自豪感。我们自己在医院的研究表明，即使是负责房间整洁和洗衣的职工，也自豪地感到自己在以自己的方式帮助病人痊愈——从而完成了一件有意义的事。
We've watched programmers and engineers work fifteen and eighteen hours at a stretch, seven days a week, when a job really got tough and they knew that a crucial deadline had to be met, or when a major project would fall unless some tough problem were solved. Certainly some of this is loyalty and identification － giving back to the organization something in return for having provided them with good jobs － but a larger part of it is selfishness, in the good sense of the word. They received a substantial personal payoff from their efforts in the knowledge that they could tackle tough, almost insurmountable problems, yet overcome them. They enjoyed "making it," － winning despite difficult odds; proving their capacities against the outsider: nature, a competitor, a complex problem; mastering something new every day.
我们还观察到，有时，程序设计师和工程师在工作中遇到很大困难，而他们知道工作必须如期完成；而有时，除非他们能解决某个棘手的问题，否则一项大的工程就面临着流产，这时他们就会每天连续工作15到18个小时，每周工作7天。当然，这部分是出于忠诚和与公司息息相关之感，他们要回报为自己提供了好工作的公司。但更大的一部分是利己的，当然是取其积极的意义。通过自己的努力，他们获得了一份丰厚的个人报酬——他们从中了解到自己能够 对付巨大的、几乎是不可逾越的困难，并且克服这些困难。他们喜欢“成功”：克服巨大的困难而胜利；证明自己应付外界（可以是自然、竞争对手、或一个复杂的问题）的能力；每天都掌握新的东西。
Even on simple jobs one can observe pride at work. Cleaning men and janitors will tell you that while the job looks uncomplicated, there are countless subtleties one needs to know, whose desk can be dusted and whose can't; how to get the most out of cleaning compounds; the best sequence to handle a variety of jobs; even how to sweep a great deal without getting tired. Machine operators often make comments like this:
即使是从简单的工作中，也能看到劳动的骄傲感。清洁工和看门人会告诉你，尽管他们的工作看起来很简单，却需要细致入微：谁的办公桌可以清扫而谁的不可以；如何最好地利用清洁剂；干活的最佳顺序；甚至是如何做大量的清扫工作而不会疲惫。我们经常听到机器操作员这样说：
"See this machine? Anyone looking at it thinks you can master it in an hour or two; even the foreman does. But every machine has a personality of its own. I know just how fast I can run it on every different kind of material we get around here; what it will take and what it won't take; how to coax it along; how much oil; what every sound means that it makes. You know it actually takes a year before you know everything about a piece of equipment like this － so you feel it is just part of you, of your arms and legs and head."
“看到这台机器了吗？谁看到它都会觉得一两个小时就能掌握它，就是工头也会这样想。但每台机器都有自己的个性。我知道使用我们这里任何一种材料时我能开多快；它能 做什么不能做什么；怎么能哄着它往前走；用多少油；它发出的每一个声音意味着什么。你知道，你得一年才能彻底搞清楚这东西——于是，你觉得它成了你的一部分，你的手，你的腿，你的头脑。”
We're often misled by the gripes and complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job the mark of their own unique personality. Grousing is just part of working. After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control your limbs and hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.
我们通常被对难活的抱怨所误导；而在内心深处，大多数人认为自己克服困难工作的能力是自己独特性的标志。牢骚埋怨只是劳动过程的一部分。毕竟，你怎么能知道你是谁，除非你能表现出自己用头脑控制肢体、手和语言的能力？在很重要的程度上，你就是你所能做的。{观察一种动物50字}.
Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying. Expending energy, in a sense, creates its own replacement － there is no reservoir such that the more you use the less you have. The measure of your capability is in being active and being able to control that activity so that it results in a tangible accomplishment you can claim as your own.
有些人错误地认为，人要保存能量、尽量休息并保养自己。事实正好相反。恰恰是体能的消耗带来了满足感。从某种意义上说，体能消耗的同时产生体能的补充，因为人体内部并没有一种体能储存器，使用一点就会少一点。衡量一个人能力的标准在于他的行动和控制行动的能力，并取得可以声称属于自己的、看得见摸得着的成绩。
Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to field countless questions and handle a welter of diverse personalities
every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves in a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.