【 – 写作指导】
第一篇:《短文填空解题技巧》
短文填空解题技巧
短文填空尽管以不同的形式出现，但是解题时却有很多相同之处。怎么做好此类试题呢？下面我们通过具体实例对短文填空的解题技巧加以说明。
1.通读全文，弄清短文大意。
这一步是做好此类试题的根本，我们没有掌握短文的意思就不能写出正确答案。解答此类试题时我们应该先越过空格，通读全文，通过我们掌握的基本常识和逻辑思维了解文章的大意，理清文章的脉络，同事还要注意某些与空格有关的关键信息，为填写空格打好基础。例如：
This week, my family tried to save electricity. We never left the lights on when leaving the rooms. We switched off the TV when was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.
通过阅读，我们知道：我家第一周计划节电，离开屋子时关灯；时关掉电视；洗衣机里使用凉水。显然通过常识我们可以断定：我们关掉电视是在“没人”看电视的情况下，因此该空答案应该是:nobody。
再如：
Mum used to us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes to school. It’s hard work but good exercise! This week dad and a few of the people he works with also started to go to work together in one car and share the cost. This should greenhouse gases.!
My friend and I became volunteers at school. We help make our school more earth-friendly. 阅读此段，我们知道：母亲过去常常 我们去学校，但现在我和妹妹开始骑自行车上学，父亲也和很多人乘一辆车上班。通过短文的两处暗示：骑自行车、父亲和很多人乘一辆车上班，我们可以判断妈妈过去是开车送我们去上学，因此答案是drive。该段最后一句的空格则可以根据以上的描述判断这样做的目的是减少(reduce)温室气体。
2.复读短文，运用技巧，前后照应，确定答案。
掌握了短文的大意，答案就有了把握，然后就是根据一定的技巧和前后信息，确定正确的答案。那么这些技巧是什么呢？
①根据句子的语法结构判断所填词是什么词类。
②根据上下文判断所填写的单词用什么形式（动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等；形容词和副词涉及比较急等；名词涉及单复数；数词分基数词和序数词等等）。
③注意同义词语、形容词与副词等之间的区别。
④还要注意某些特殊的语法要求和结构。
例如：
We started recycling this week. We tried to write on both sides of our paper, not just no one side. We also divided our rubbish into bags for bottles, cars, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them as rubbish bags. These are great ways to help our environment.
We stopped taking long baths and had short showers . We flushed the toilet with used water. When mum and dad made tea or coffee, they used water in the kettle(水壶). My sister and I didn’t leave the tap running when we brushed our teeth.
阅读此段文章第一空后面是名词，说明空格处是形容词，根据上下文我们可以填写different，如果我们不考虑这些，而填写了differently等就不会得满分。再譬如第四个空，我们要注意用little的比较级形式less。就如上面的例子中的第一个空，used to后要求跟动词原形，用错就会丢分。
3.复读检验，消除疏漏。
答案基本确定后，我们还要再次阅读全文，认真检查是否存在疏漏，意义是否连贯，语法是否正确，是否符合逻辑，是否存在拼写错误等。由于考试时间有限，很多同学做题时比较快，往往做完后不进行仔细检查，于是会出现不应该发生的错误，这样的丢分非常可惜。
强化训练
Passage 1
根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当地词，使短文完整、通顺。
About three years ago, I felt very lonely. I didn’t like my classmates, my parents or anyone else. My classmates didn’t want to talk me and my parents were always saying that other kids were better than me. I thought I was the 2 unlucky person in the world.
One day I had a big fight with one of my classmates. I was so angry I hit him in the face. Just at that moment, a boy stood up and the fight. He was monitor of our class.
After that, he often helped me and we became good . Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help to cool down. My life began to change because of the boy, my best friend. We spent a lot of interesting days together. As 7 goes by, I have become happier with people and things. And it that people around me have changed, too. My parents don’t shout at me more and my classmates become friendly to me.
But now I can’t often see my best friend because he is seriously and is staying in hospital. How I miss the days when we were together! I hope he will be all right and come back to school soon.
Passage 2
根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Tang Ling often smoked cigarettes in his school’s washing room. He started smoking 1 the age of 14. One day he learnt that the NBA star Yao Ming, an ambassador(大使) to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control(中国控烟协会), asked people not to smoke. Yao Ming wan Tang’s favorite star, 2 his words meant a lot him. He decided to 3 up smoking. According to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control, about 350 million Chinese smoke. Among , 50 million are teenagers. Sun Jiang of Beijing University said, “Teenagers can get cigarettes 5 , especially when their parents smoke or shops 6 cigarettes to them. It’s very important parents to help their children stop smoking.
A 15-year-old boy named Li Kun from Beijing said his
didn’t smoke. Because they thought smoking could make people feel badly ill, they only allowed him to play with friends without smoking. Living in such a good family helped Li say to cigarettes. Some of his smoking classmates once told Li that smoking made boys look 10 , but Li disagreed. He said, “Smoking is unhealthy and it’s not cool at all. Please stop smoking now!”
Passage 3
根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
What can you do keep healthy? Perhaps for children, healthy eating is one of the most important things. Here are some ideas about to eat healthily.
Having breakfast
A good breakfast is very important to children. It’s necessary to have it in the .But some children often go to school 3 breakfast, just because they want to sleep a little longer. Remember that a good breakfast will help you study better.
Having milk
“My dream is that all the Chinese children can get half a kilogram of milk a day.” The Chinese Premier(总理) Wen Jiabao said this during his to milk farm. Milk is also very important to children’s health. It makes children grow stronger. It’s better for you to a glass of warm milk 6 going to bed. That will help you have a good sleep.
Having healthy food Having healthy food is the most important. That means eating lots of different 7 of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Don’t eat too much chocolate ice-cream. Some children eating fast food, but in fact it is not good for their health. Try to eat healthy food as much as 10 .
Have healthy eating habits, and you will have a strong body.
Passage 4
根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、通顺。
Earthquakes are hard to predict, but do you know what to do before, 1 and after an earthquake? Here is some advice:
Before an earthquake
It’s necessary to prepare 2 and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and useful telephone numbers(doctors, hospital, police, 119, etc.). 4 put heavy things over beds.
During an earthquake
It’s important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under 5 table. The purpose is to protect yourself from objects. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and so on. If you’re , turn off the gas. If you’re and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as 8 , stay away from bridges and tall buildings. Stay in your car.
After an earthquake
Once the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it’s safe. Check around you and help the people who are in
is badly broken, leave it. If you smell or hear a gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it , turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company.
Passage 5
根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year. At that time, everything about the moon was learned by 2 it carefully in the sky.
When scientists could use telescopes to study the moon more , their ideas began to change. They could see the moon was of rocks. Most scientists thought moon rocks wo- uld be 5 from those on the earth. This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had been in the earth’s gravity millions of year earlier.
In 1969 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied. Much to their 7 , scientists found that, except for water , the moon and the earth were made of the same thing. Once again new ideas were needed for this new information.
After years of study, most 8 now think that the moon was once part of the earth. They believe very early in its history, maybe 4 million years ago, about the size of Mars hit the earth. This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet. These rocks slowly joined tog- ether and after many years 10 the moon.
In the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we will still be interes- ted in it.
第二篇:《短文填空》
2011年全国各地市英语试题完形填空（一）填词型
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使
其内容通顺. 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给 ): ( 14分)
At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and
film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modem technology has c 92 all that.
New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need
is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course,
these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don’t even
need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are
also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film.
【主旨大意】
文章指出，随着生活水平和现代科技的提高，人们自己制作一部电影已经不再是什么稀罕的事。文章指出
要制作一部优秀的电影，除了优秀演员之外，还需要有一个好的剧本，这是电影成功的保证。
92. changed 【解析】上文提到在过去，制作一部电影是一件十分昂贵的事，只有少数人和电影公司才
能干。然而现在随着时间的推移，现代科技将这一切都改变了，故填changed；
93. much 【解析】本句意为“现在一部相机花费并不多”，价格大多数人都能坦然接受，故填much;
94. tiring 【解析】该句意为“然而，电影制作是一件很累人的事”，work是不可数名词，故要说
tiring work，不能加a;
95. population 【解析】下文中都是在谈论电影中的那些男女演员，加上谓语动词是单数，故应填
population；
96. besides 【解析】上边提到了演员，下边接着讲述应该要有剧本，故填besides；{什么的文章填空}.
97. character 【解析】这个地方讲“如果你的想象力丰富，那么你就能够创作出一个具有吸引力的
人物，”，故答案填character;
98. successful 【解析】该句意为“一个优秀的故事是电影成功的关键”，故答案填successful;
【2011山东聊城】五、选词填空（共10小题，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从所给单词中选出适当的词，并用其正确的语言形式填在标有题号的空白处，使语意通
顺、完整。（每空一词且每个单词只能用一次）
teachers.
When I was going to give up my studying, a new teacher, Miss White came to our school. She
was young, 12 and knowledgeable (知识渊博的).
One day, I was sitting alone in my 13 , Miss White came up to me and talked to me happily.
Soon her smile away my unhappiness.
“Do you think I can go to college?” I didn’t 14_____ why I asked such a question. I thought
she must say “no”. 15______ everyone else said so. But she said, “Dear, you can do 16______
you want. Just try, and you’ll get closer to success. I believe you are the best!”
I was touched 17______ by her words. I decided to study hard. From then on, we became good 18______.
She often helped me with my study in her free time.
In the end, I 19_______ well in my studies and went to a good college. Miss White is an angel(天
使). Her words have kept me going forward. She helped me to see that I am special and can be
20____ in life.
Keys:
11. same 判断推理题。根据前一句话意思我的老师认为我是学生，后面应该是我的家人也有同样的想法。
12. beautiful 细节判断题。根据句意，她既年轻、漂亮又学识渊博。
13. classroom 细节推理题。根据上下文意思，得出答案classroom。
14. know 细节判断题。根据语境意思，我不知道我为什么问这样的问题。
15. Because 细节判断题。根据上文我的心里想法，得出答案。
16. anything 细节推理题。这是一句常用语，只要你想做到的，你就能够做好任何事情。
17. deeply 细节推理题。老师的话深深地触动了我。
18. friends 细节判断题。根据上下文意思，得出我和老师成为好朋友了。
19. did 细节判断题。根据语境意思，是一般过去时，所以应该用动词的过去式。
20. successful 细节推理题。 根据上下文意思，得出答案是成功的。
【2011 山东烟台】阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示补全文中所缺的单词, 答案写在题后的横
线上。
“Sorry” is a word that people in Britain often say in their daily life. One day while I was w 1 on the street, a young man ran by hurriedly, brushing（轻擦）against my handbag. He continued his way, but turned b 2 and said “sorry” to me. Even in
a rush, he didn’t f 3 to say “sorry”. One day, after I bought some bananas, the shopkeeper
was passing me the change, but I wasn’t ready for it and a coin dropped onto the ground. “Sorry,
Madam,” he said w 4 bending to pick it up. I was s 5 why he said “sorry” to me.
Another time, I stepped on a man’s f 6 at the entrance to a cinema. At the same time, we b 7 said “sorry”.
Slowly, I got to know that when something unpleasant happens in daily life, the British don’t c 8 much about who is wrong. If someone is in trouble, a “sorry” is always n 9 . Perhaps that is w 10 I seldom see people quarrel on the buses or streets in Britain.
【主旨大意】
文章介绍了sorry这个词在英国人日常生活中被广泛使用，同时sorry也让人与人之间的关系更加和谐。
1. walking 【解析】根据上下文可以看出这个句子是过去进行时，故此处填walking。
2. back 【解析】根据句意和上下文，可以知道这个人转身说了句“sorry”,故此处填back。
3.forget/ fail 【解析】根据上下文可以知道这个人虽然不停地跑着，也没忘记说sorry，故此处填
forget/fail。
4. while 【解析】根据句意可知，这个人一边说sorry，一边将掉在地上的硬币捡起，故用while。{什么的文章填空}.
5.surprised 【解析】该句意为“我感到很惊讶，他居然对我说‘对不起’ ”。(因为这不是他的错)，
故填surprised。
6. foot/ feet 【解析】该句意为“还有一次，我在电影院的门口不小心踩到了别人的脚。”此处要
填foot/feet。
7. both 【解析】接上句“我们两个都说了‘对不起’”，所以填both。
8.care 【解析】这里是说英国人不很在乎谁对谁错，故要填care。
9. necessary 【解析】该句意为“如果某人处于困难之中，‘对不起’总是需要的”，故填necessary。
10. why 【解析】该句意为“或许这就是我们为什么在英国很少见到大街上或者公共汽车上吵架的
原因吧”，此处填why。
【2011湖北·武汉】 五、词与短语填空（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
先阅读短文，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使全文在逻辑上正确。（提示：选项中有一
个是多余的。）
go back / mad / need / mind / hurry up / polite
We asked some people what annoyed them. Here’s what they said:
I don’t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation. When
that happens, I usually say, “Would you (71) helping me?” And I don’t like it when shop
assistants follow me around. Then I