【 – 写作指导】
篇一:《大学英语写作篇》
大学英语四级 写作
评分标准
Task response (任务回应)
Coherence and Cohesion (一致与连接) Lexical Resource (词汇资源)
Grammatical Range and Accuracy (语法范围与正确性) 竞争对手
Competitor
Opponent Rival Adversary Lexical Resource
Flexibility: 同义替换
Precision：精确；核心词汇
Less common lexical items: 含义较为深刻的词汇 Damage undermine Problem 重要的
dilemma
Significant 同义替换的 “记”与 “不记”
不记
Vital
逻辑关系词 Essential 段落间逻辑 Critical Crucial 起：first
of great 承：moreover, besides, importance 转：however, but, Key 合：in sum decisive
年轻人
The young
The youth cynical youth Teenagers adolescent Young adult The juvenile 老年人
The old
The elderly Senior citizen The advanced The aged 员工
Staff Workers Employees clerks 产生，造成
Produce Generate Create
contender 特征 特点
Character Characteristic
s Trait Feature Attribute quality 结果
Result
Consequence Outcome aftermath 缺少
Lack of v. Short a. Deficiency n. Insufficiency
n.
Scarce a. 标准，基准
Standard Criterion Canon
Benchmark 可行的，可操作的
Operational Usable Workable Feasible Practical
Trigger Engender pose 解决；处理
Deal with Solve Cope with Resolve Settle Tackle handle 使用，利用
Use
Utilize utility Employ Exploit harness 支持，资助
Support Sponsor Back up Subsidize subsidy Finance 提高，推到，加强
Improve Promote Advance enhance Strengthen facilitate boost 转变
Change Transform Alter Shift
convert 强调，重视
Emphasis emphasize
Underline Highlight
Underscore
Draw attention to Take sth seriously
忽视，轻视
Ignore Neglect Overlook
Underestimate Take sth lightly Precision 10个大的名词
Dilemma
Strategy
Infrastructure：基础设施 Mindset: 思维模式 Compromise: 妥协；折中 Paradox: 矛盾
Synergy: n. 协同作用 Inequality: 不平等
Hierarch: 等级 class status Democracy: 民主
10个大的动词
Collaborate: 协作 Manipulate: 操作 Optimize: 使最优化 Compensate: 补偿 Withstand: 抵挡 Undermine: 破坏 Jeopardize：威胁；危害 Impede: 妨碍
Aggravate: 恶化；加重 Exaggerate:夸张 10个大的形容词
Prosperous 繁荣的
Sustainable development 可持续的 Optimistic: 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 Potential: 潜在的，可能的 Inevitable: 必然的；不可避免的
Sophisticated: 复杂的；精致的 Plausible: 似乎合理的 Detrimental: 有害的
Devastating: 毁灭性的；惊艳的
Overwhelming : 势不可挡的 Less common lexical items
10个带连字符的合成词 Win-win 双赢的
Eco-friendly 环保的
Multi-cultural 多元文化的 Eye-catching 引人注目的
Market-oriented 以市场为导向的 Thought-provoking 发人深省的
State-of-the-art 最新型的，最尖端的 Know-how n. 专门技能，实践知识 Self-esteem 自尊 名词动化
Mirror: n. 镜子 v. 反映
Many of today’s social problems are not new but mirror similar dilemmas from the
past. Mask: n. 面具 v. 掩饰
High test scores mask many students’ inability to communicate effectively in a second language.
Harbor: n. 海港；港口 v. 持有，怀有
我们不应该对我们不了解的文化怀有偏见和怀疑
We should not harbor prejudice or suspicion to cultures we do not understand. Bridge: n. 桥 v. 使连接；缩小
为了缩小贫富差距政府必须提高社会福利。
Governments must improve social welfare in order to bridge the gap between rich and poor.
Shape: n. 形状 v. 塑造
University education should shape the mind and broaden horizons. Tailor: n. 裁剪 v. 使适合，定制
Each country needs to tailor a solution which meets their own particular situation. Harness: n. 马具 v. 利用
By harnessing solar and wind energy, we can help our earth become more “green”. Curb: n. 勒马索 v. 控制，约束
In order to curb students’ appetite for computer games, parents and schools should
come up with healthy alternatives.
拉丁文
Vice versa
Language influences culture and vice versa.
Per se 本身，自身
This does not mean that online games, per se, is a problem. De facto 实际上，事实上
English is the de facto international language, and people with good English skills
can communicate with the world. Status quo n. 现状
Less industrious people are merely content with the status quo. 短语
造成问题
create/ pose/ cause the problem
解决问题
address/ fix/ tackle/ cope with/ deal with the problem 对某事产生影响
have an effect/ influence/ impact on sth.
The popularity of mobile phones has a great effect on people’s daily life. have negative/ positive effects/ impacts on 产生正面（负面）影响 have a serious impact on 严重影响到 have a direct impact on 直接影响到
have the greatest impact on 产生最大的影响 起到关键作用
Play a critical/ key role in sth. 有责任去做某事
Have a responsibility to do sth 为某事做出贡献
Make contribution to sth.
政府有责任为控制房价作出有价值的贡献。
The government should have a responsibility to make a worthwhile contribution to
curbing the housing price. 努力去做某事
Make an effort to do sth. 不遗余力去做某事 Spare no effort to do sth. 采取有效的措施做某事
Take effective measures to do sth. 采取切实的行动做某事 Take concrete actions to do sth. Make the most of 充分利用 Be addicted to sth. 上瘾，沉迷于 Be obsessed with
Give priority to sth. 把……放在优先位置
The authorities concerned are supposed to give top priority to making the most of renewal energies. 提高公众的……意识
Raise the public’s awareness of
The government should raise the public’s awareness of conserving water. Be compatible with 可和谐共存的；相容的
Economic development can be compatible with environmental protection. Be complementary to 相辅相成，相互补充
Radio and TV, in many circumstances, are not competitive but complementary to each other, and serve different people for various purposes.
分词的使用
-ing -ed
1、同主语句子合并
I look up.
I find the moon bright.
Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.
Even when I walk in a party of no more than three, I can always be certain of{大学英语描写一个人}.
learning from those who I am with.
Even when walking in a party of no more than three I can always be certain of
learning from those who I am with. One reviews what one has learned. And one will gain new insights. Thus, one is fit to be a teacher. One reviews what one has learned. And one will gain new insights.
Thus, one is fit to be a teacher.
Reviewing what one has learned and gaining new insights, one is fit to be a teacher. ① Teenagers are usually pressed by their schoolwork. ② They are also encouraged by their peers.
③ Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. ④ But sometimes they feel a little guilty. 第一步：挑出主句，其余句子去掉主语 第三步：合并调整
① Teenagers are usually pressed by their schoolwork. ② They are also encouraged by their peers. ③ They resort to smoking.
④ But sometimes they feel a little guilty.
teenagers resort to smoking, sometimes feeling a little guilty.
2. –ing变化
, the student applied Beijing University. （单个ing） College students, ignoring their studies, spent too much time in CS.
The student, higher, and to avoid pressures from job markets,
applied Beijing University.（平行ing） Not hoping for the best, he applied Bagdad University.（否定ing）
, one is fit to be a teacher. Is one, reviewing what he has learned and learning a new, fit to be a teacher?（问句
ing）
How can you, not being I yourself, know that I don’t know ? Who, being young and fresh, does not long for success?
篇二:《大学英语2读写_》
UNIT 1
The Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be 1) books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in 2) and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subject is only a click away. This is especially 3) for those who wants to learn English earnestly.
In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The 4) materials on the Internet make it possible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be 5) your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember the 6) of unfamiliar words?
In this case, the Internet 7) makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical 8) and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to 9) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your 10) The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the
Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.
UNIT 1译文
互联网让学习英语更加容易。英语学习者过去常常obliged(必须)花费他们的时间在图书馆中浏览帮助他们学习语言的课本。这非常不便，因为许多素材只能在tedious（沉闷的，无趣的）工具书和阅读中找到。但如今不同学科的真正内容只需轻点鼠标。
这也对那些热切学习英语的人特别的beneficial（有益）。为了让英语更流利，你至少需要轻松的使用10000个单词。网络上abundant（丰富的）素材让你选择恰当的听读内容成为可能。如果你在搜索引擎上输入关键词时，这些素材可以adjusted（调整）到你的水平。但你如何记住这些bulk（大量）体积的生单词呢？
既然这样，互联网evidently（明显地）能让学习单词更容易。你可以利用在线词典来代替查找这个单词的语法，function（功能）和特殊含义。互联网也可以efficiently（有效的）在充满活力的、有趣的语言内容基础上积累单词。这大大的减少了你难以记住新单词的distress（危机）。这种有效的学习单词的方法也是为何互联网变成一个学习英语的理想胜地的原因之一。
UNIT 3
There is a special life stage that our generation goes through. It is the 1) period, during which we move from teenage to adolescence. We learn who we are and what we stand
for and what inspires us. Also, in this period we are 2) saddled with a lot of pressure from our parents who want us to make something out of ourselves.
My parents have already expressed feeling of 3) over my future with academics and life. When I expressed to then recently that I would not mind graduating in five years instead of four in order to study abroad to 4) acquaint myself with the world, they seemed so shocked .That idea sounded foreign and to them was 5)of ambition.
Apart from that, my mother has 6) equivalent to lack to me that she is worried that I am not searching for a boyfriend. I
7)resent this stupid idea of marrying out of college since it does not suit me one bit. Women today can get what they want out of life without a man ,even children, as it becomes more
8) for women to adopt children. I personally want to stay in school as long as I can to 9) reinforce my academic work, possibly complete a law degree and start a career, and then after, and only after, begin to think about 10) marriage. If my math is correct, that means I will be more or less “ready” for marriage at the age of 29 or 30, the age when my mother had me.
UNIT 3译文
我们这一代会度过一个十分特别的生命阶段。这是一个从青少年时期到青春期的（transition）转变周期。我们学习我们是谁，存在的意义，什么鼓舞我们。当然，这个阶段我们也saddled(承担了)想让我们做自己的东西的父母的很多压力。
我的父母已经准备好了表达对我未来学业和生活的anxiety（焦虑）之感了。当我最近向他们吐露我可能无意从五年制而不是四年制的学校毕业且未来在国外学习让我自己acquaint（熟悉）这个世界的时候，他们看起来十分震惊，这个想法在他们听来很奇怪。它equivalent（同样）的缺乏雄心。
除此之外，我妈也向我expressed（表达）了我还不找男票的担心，我十分resent(怨恨)这种一点也不适合我的毕业就结婚的观念。如今没有男人的女人们可以得到她们需要的任何生活，甚至是孩子。因为收养孩子对女人来说更加的sensible（明智） acceptable（可接受的）。
我个人想尽可能的待在学校来reinforce（巩固）我的学业。尽可能得到一个法律学位在开始找工作，最后shifting（考虑到）这婚姻。如果我的估计正确，我会或多或少在29~30时结婚，这本是我们给的最后期限了。
UNIT5
To spend or save is a question which many people have.There is always a(n) 1) dilemma whether one should spend the
money that he has earned or save that money for the future.
explicit answer to the question as
different people have different 3） perspectives on Well, there is no 2) their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others 4) their money.
People who spend all the money do not think much about future. The only things that enjoy doing most is to 5)control over derive pleasure from spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the most important thing is to satisfy their material 6) appetite. People who have their first job or who haven’t married often fall in this category.
for one’s life
as saving helps an individual to plan for future 8) In the long time, saving is good 7) needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can 9) suspend their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won’t be easily 10) by commercial ads. Individuals who have responsibility for their family belong to this category.
篇三:《21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册-要求背诵段落及翻译》
21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Reading Aloud Unit 1 Text A
Reading Aloud:
answer. The most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams. Knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more.
high-achieving students actually put in fewer hours than their lower-scoring classmates. The students at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can easily learn. Here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of A students.
Translation:
像他们这样的优等生是如何做到这一点的呢？脑子好使并不是唯一的答案。最有天赋的学生未必在考试中取得最好的成绩。懂得如何充分利用自己的才能要重要得多。
学习刻苦也不能说明全部问题。在这些成绩优秀的学生中，有些人投入的时间其实比那些分数低的同学还少。班级中拔尖学生的成功之道在于他们掌握了一些基本的技巧，这些技巧其他人也能很容易地
学到。根据教育专家和学生们自己的叙述，优等生成功的奥秘有以下几点。