【 – 字数作文】
圣诞700(一)
圣诞700(二)
With today’s seemingly irreversible trend toward globalization, countries interact with each other more often and more intensely. As a result, worldwide interest in intercultural communication has risen. Although we are familiar with the introduction of western culture into China by Chinese scholars, whose aim is “to learn others’ strong points in order to surpass them”, ways of spreading Chinese culture to the west remain a mystery to most of us. Who are the harbingers of culture? The answer may be surprising: religious missionaries.
Christmas in China is a homogeneous culture formed with the Christianity preaching,With the reform being furthered,Christmas culture is prospering in China.Different from the Chinese native culture,Christmas is "the other" constructed by Chinese Christians.In other words,Christmas culture reveals the tendency that Chinese Christians try to weaken the pressure from "the other shore" with their Chinese boon from their life-world.
PhD students say 'No' to Christmas
By Li Qian (Chinadaily.com.cn)
Updated: 2006-12-21 18:13
As Christmas draws near, ten philosophy and education PhD students from China's top universities jointly publicized a petition on the Internet, calling on netizens, especially the young, to be less excited about the exotic holiday, Shanghai-based Xmnext.com reported December 21, 2006. This is the latest instance of public resistance to western culture and lifestyles in China. In the online petition, titled "Out of Cultural Collective Unconsciousness, Strengthen Chinese Cultural Dominance" and dated with traditional Chinese Era Calendar, PhD students from China's most authoritative universities including Beida, Tsinghua and People's University hope to "wake up the Chinese people to resist western cultural invasion".
A Santa Claus model blowing the trumpet is seen in front of
the Oriental Pearl Tower at the Lujiazui financial district
in Shanghai December 19, 2006. [newsphoto]
According to the petition, "occidental culture has been more like storms sweeping through the country rather than mild showers," and cites the prevalence of Christmas celebrations as a typical example.
According to the petition, in China, "when Christmas nears, shopping centres, restaurants and hotels have decorated Christmas trees,
Christmas messages flood the Internet, newspapers, TV and radio programs, hundreds of millions text messages are sent by cell phones, friends exchange Christmas greetings when they meet each other, and people revel until very late on Christmas Eve." The petition claims that the ancient oriental nation of China is shifting towards becoming a western society. The authors of the petition claim that celebrating Christmas is a personal decision, but most Chinese join in the celebrations without clearly knowing the origin of the occasion.
One of the reasons for this, according to the authors is a failure on the part of the government to maintain Chinese traditions while
encouraging the economy. Retailers and other business people are also to blame for using the festival to boost business. On Christmas Eve, people must wait for seats at nearly every restaurant in Beijing and other cities in China.
The petition goes on to state that this case should not be seen as an isolated phenomenon as American and European culture expand throughout China along with their technological and economic domination.
It seems the petition will not receive much support, judging from the large number of critical responses on the Internet. And it's likely it will be drowned out in the mainstream, where Christmas and Valentine's Day are becoming more popular than the Spring Festival among youngsters. On the same day another report from the Henan Business News in central China's Henan Province said a commercial chamber was planning a nude running event on the evening of December 24, and had received more than 1,700 applications to join in the activity.
Just like Christmas, western cultures and festivals have entered people's daily lives in China, but a large number of Chinese still need to learn more about their background and the deeper meanings behind the social events so they don't blindly copy something they don't understand.
圣诞节由来——中英文版
“圣诞节”这个名称是“***弥撒”的缩写。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。耶诞节是一个宗节我们把它当作耶苏的诞辰来庆祝，因而又名耶诞节。这一天，世界所有的***教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教并无半点关联。交换礼物，寄圣诞卡，这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。
圣诞节是***教世界最大的节日。4世纪初，1月6日是罗马帝国东部各教会纪念那稣降生和受洗的双重节日、称为“主显节”Epiphany，亦称“显现节”即上帝通过那稣向世人显示自己。当时只有那路拉冷的教会例外，那里只纪念耶稣的诞生而不纪念那稣的受洗。后来历史学家们在罗马***徒习用的日历中发现公元354年12月25日页内记录着：“***降生在犹大的伯利恒。”经过研究，一般认为12月25日伴为圣诞节可能开始于公元336年的罗马教会）约在公元375年传到小亚细亚的安提阿，公元430年传到埃及的亚历山大里亚，那路撒冷的教会接受得最晚，而亚美尼亚的教会则仍然坚持1月6日主显节是那稣的诞辰。
12月25日原来是波斯太阳神（即光明之神）密特拉（Mithra）的诞辰，是一个异教徒节日，同时太阳神也是罗马国教众神之一。这一天又是罗马历书的冬至节，崇拜太阳神的异教徒都把这一天当作春天的希望，万物复苏的开始。可能由于这个原因，罗马教会才选择这一天作为圣诞节。这是教会初期力图把异教徒的风俗习惯***教化的措施之一。
后来，虽然大多数教会都接受12月25日为圣诞节，但又固各地教会使用的历书不同，具体日期不能统一，于是就把12月24日到第二年的1月6日定为圣诞节节期（Christmas
Tide），各地教会可以根据当地具体情况在这段节期之内庆祝圣诞节。自从12月25日被大多数教会公认为圣诞节后，原来1月6日的主显节就只纪念耶稣受洗了，但天主教会又把1月6日定为“三王来朝节”，以纪念耶稣生时东方三王（即三位博士）来朝拜的故事。随着***教的广泛传播，圣诞节已成为各教派***徒，甚至广大非***徒群众的一个重要节日。在欧美许多国家里，人们非常重视这个节日，把它和新年连在一起，而庆祝活动之热闹与隆重大大超过了新年，成为一个全民的节日。12月25日的主要纪念活动都与那稣降生的传说有关。
耶苏的出生是有一段故事的，耶苏是因着圣灵成孕，由童女马利亚所生的。神更派遣使者加伯列在梦中晓谕约瑟，叫他不要因为马利亚未婚怀孕而不要她，反而要与她成亲，把那孩子起名为“耶苏”，意思是要他把百姓从罪恶中救出来。
当马利亚快要临盆的时候，罗马政府下了命令，全部人民到伯利恒务必申报户籍。约瑟和马利亚只好遵命。他们到达伯利恒时，天色已昏，无奈两人未能
找到旅馆渡宿，只有一个马棚可以暂住。就在这时，耶苏要出生了！於是马利亚唯有在马槽上，生下耶苏。后人为纪念耶苏的诞生，便定十二月二十五为圣诞节，年年望弥撒，纪念耶苏的出世。
圣诞节便是於十二月二十五日纪念耶苏的诞生，但真实的诞生日就没有人知道了。十九世纪，圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现，圣诞节也开始流行起来了。
Origin of Christmas
The name Christmas is short for 'Christ's Mass'. A Mass is a kind of Church service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celebrate
as the birthday of Jesus.
There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over the
world. But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the orld.
The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin's
name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was
found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put
her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to
take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his
name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quintus was governing Syria.
So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who
was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed
for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped
圣诞700(三)
圣诞700(四)
圣诞趣味知识问答
1.圣诞节是为了庆祝谁的复活而举行的盛会?
A圣母玛利亚 B.耶和华 C.路易十四 D.耶酥 答案D
2.12月25日是耶酥真正诞生的日子吗？
A是 B不是 答案：B （是耶酥复活的日子）
3.圣诞节起居室内摆设棵常青树起始于公元多少年哪个国家的传统。
A公元300年古罗马 B公元500年俄罗斯 C公元700年德国 D公元900年印度 公元700年德国
4.谁是第一个创意在树上放置点燃的蜡烛的人。
A马丁.路德 B白求恩 C里根总统 D灰姑娘 答案：A
5.耶酥诞生的场景中有没有牧羊人。
A有 B没有 答案：A
6.人们在壁炉架上挂的袜子中有没有坚果？
A没有 B有 答案：B
7.许多著名的圣诞歌曲来源于哪两个国家？
A法国和英国 B意大利和中国 C美国和伊拉克 D印度和巴基斯坦
答案:A
8.美国每年大约有多少亿张的卡片互相交换。
A10亿 B20亿 C30亿 D40亿 答案:B
9.圣诞节第一次盛会是在公元336年的哪里举行。
A日本 B台湾 C冰岛 D罗马 答案:D
10.传说中的圣诞老人将他的第一份什么礼物放在没有钱办理婚礼嫁妆女孩的袜子里。A金币 B人民币 C美元 D欧元 答案:A
11.传说中圣诞老人住在那哪里？
答案