【 – 写作指导】
第一篇:《灾难性事件作文》
灾难性事件
灾难性事件主要是指自然灾害或人类行为导致的灾难性事件。基础写作会以世界上发生的
自然灾难及其救援活动命题。读写任务以灾难报道文章引出，要求考生就灾难性事件、灾难前
的预防措施，灾难事件发生时的自救方法和面对灾难的态度等设题。
常用词汇：
1.灾害种类：
flood(水灾), drought(干旱), landslide(山崩）, earthquake(地震）, tsunami(海啸），typhoon(台风)，
hurricane (飓风)，tornado(龙卷风), volcano (火山), snowstorm (暴风雪)，air crass（空难），storm
风暴，traffic accident交通意外，volcano eruption火山爆发
2.袭击某地：(a typhoon) hit/ strike/attack …
3.造成后果：
(1)失踪：missing(2)受伤：get injured
(3)死亡：be killed/ lose one’s life/cause sb’s death/claim 302 lives(造成302人死亡)
(4)电力中断：cut off the power/ electricity; have the power cut; the electricity was cut off
(5)房屋倒塌：houses collapse / fall down
(6)冲走房屋、道路、桥梁：wash away buildings, roads and bridges
(7)成为废墟：… be in ruins; fall into ruins
(8)菜地被毁坏了：vegetable fields were ruined.
(9)引发泥石流及其他灾害：trigger landslides and other disasters
(10)造成巨大损失/经济损失：cause great damage /economic losses
(11) 烧光 burn down/ burn to the ground （12）无家可归 become homeless
4.救援捐赠：
(1)受灾地区：stricken district/ area (2)救灾工作：rescue work
(3)恢复正常：return to normal (4)地震灾民：The quake-afflicted people
(5)被困人员：trapped persons (6)受害人：victims
(7)拯救：rescue… from (8)防汛抗旱：flood control and drought relief
(9) call on the ambulance 呼叫救护车
(10) call on people to make donations to 呼吁人们给……捐款
(11) raise / collect money for 筹款
(12)send sb. to the hospital送某人到医院 (13) send for a doctor派人请医生
(14) carry out the first aid 进行急救
5.有关报道常用句式：
Tuesday, Morakot, the worst typhoon to hit the island in 50 years, killed more than 460people with 46
injured and 192missing, according to Taiwan’s disaster control center. 据台湾灾害应变中心消息，星
期二，“莫拉克”，50年来袭击该岛的最严重的台风，已造成461人死亡，192人失踪，46人受
伤。
6.环境保护
(1)保护环境，人人有责：Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment./ It’s
everyone’s duty to protect the environment
(2)提高环保意识：raise the awareness of environmental protection
(3)保护生存环境：conserve natural habitats
(4)采取有效措施：take effective measures; effective measures should be taken/adopted
(5)采取积极措施保护珍稀动物 take active measures to protect rare animals
environment-friendly products
1、More than…people were killed and…others were injured in…
有超过……人在……中丧生，另有……人受伤。
EP:More than 100 people were killed and 5000 others (were)injured in a powerful earthquake in Iran
on Tuesday.
在星期二发生在伊朗的大地震中，有100多人死亡，另有5000人受伤。
2、At least … people have died in…
在……（灾难）中，至少有……人死亡。
EP:At least 27 people have died in a blast at a firecracker factory in China's Guangxi Zhuang
Autonomous Region yesterday.
在昨天发生在广西壮族自治区的烟花炮竹厂爆炸案中，至少有27人死亡。
3、A…killed at least…people and injure/wounded…others.
……(灾难)至少造成……人死亡，……人受伤。
EP：An explosion killed at least 12 people and injured 24 others in a teahouse in Chongqing
Municipality on Thursday.
星期四发生在重庆市一家茶馆的大爆炸，造成至少12人死亡，24人受伤。
4、A…hit/struck/attacked…,killing…people and injuring/wounding…others.
……(灾难)袭击……,造成……人死亡，……人受伤。
EP:An explosion attacked the Hilton Hotel in Egypt's Red Sea resort on Thurday,killing at least 35
people and injuring 135 others.
星期四一次爆炸袭击了埃及红海度假胜地的希尔顿酒店，造成至少35人死亡，135人受伤。
5、A …caused …people dead and…(people)missing,according to….
根据……，……（灾难）导致……人死亡，……失踪。
EP：A ferry accident overnight near Dhaka,capital of Bangladesh,caused 37 people dead and 25
missing,according to local police Sunday.
据当地警方星期日称，孟加拉国一艘渡船昨夜在首都达卡附近发生意外事故，造成37人死亡，
25人失踪。
6、A…broke out/happened/occurred in…,leaving…dead and…others dead.
一场……(灾难)在……爆发/发生，导致……人死亡，……人受伤。关于灾难发生时的作文。
EP:A fire broke out in a building called Jingming Mansion in Beijing on Wednesday,leaving 9 people
dead and 39 others injured.
星期三北京京民大厦发生一起火灾，导致9人死亡，另有39人受伤。
7、A…has left…people dead and another…missing in….
一场……导致……人死亡……人失踪。
EP：A coal mine gas explosion Wednesday night has left 56 people dead and another 100 missing in
Xinmi of Henan Province.
星期三晚上，河南省新密发生一起煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故，导致56人死亡，另有100人失踪。
8、The death toll from/in/of…has risen to/increased to….
……（灾难）的死亡人数已经上升/增加到……。
EP：The death toll from the Asian tsunami has risen to 226000.
亚洲海啸的死亡人数已经上升到226000。
9、A total of…people were confirmed dead in…
共计有……人被证实在……中丧生。
EP：A total of 33 people were confirmed dead in a gas explosion at a coal mine in Henan Province on
Friday.
共计有33人被证实在周五河南发生的某狂瓦斯爆炸中死亡。
10、A…hit/struck/attacked…,but there is no death reported so far.
一起……袭击了……，但至今没有人员伤亡的报道。
EP：A strong earthquake measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale hit eastern Japan,but there is no death
reported so far.关于灾难发生时的作文。
一起里氏5.6级的强地震袭击了日本东部，但至今没有人员伤亡的报道
基础必备：
1）sth. happened / broke out/ occurred in +地点 on +时间
1)A big fire/ An air crash/ A war/ flu/ A traffic accident broke out /happened/ occurred in…
练：03年4月中国广东及香港地区爆发“非典”。
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2）Sth. hit/struck/shook someplace
2)An earthquake/A big flood/A drought/A 8.0 magnitude earthquake hit / struck / shook the district.
这地区受到地震的袭击。
练：2008年5月12日约下午2:28四川汶川发生了7.8级的大地震。
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3）灾难程度
1.这洪灾是在过去的10年里最严重的一次。
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2.这次地震被认为是中国在唐山大地震之后最可怕的灾难之一。
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2.表示事故起因：
词汇: be caused by /be due to /as a result of/ owing to; the cause of … was…
1)这起车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。
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2)起火的原因是由于疏忽。
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3)这火灾是由于有人丢落燃着的香烟而引起的。
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3.表示人员伤亡：
词汇: be killed ； be injured ； be dead ； lose one’s life；cause great economic losses； cause 13
deaths/ injured/missing ; leave sb.missing
1)伤亡情况
这次地震造成约1360人死亡，401人失踪, 2000人受伤。
The earthquake caused about 1,360 __________(dead), with 401 people _____ (miss) and
2,000 people ________ (injure).
练1：成千上万的人在地震中丧生。
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练2：1976年7月28日中国唐山发生了7.8级的大地震, 造成24.2万人死亡、超过80万人受
伤、30，000人失踪及巨大经济损失.
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4. 表示财产损失：
房屋受损
1) Many houses were damaged by the storm/ became in ruins in the storm/
fell down in the storm.
道路堵塞 ___________________________________________________________
通讯、供水、供电中断______________________________________________________________
练1：房屋倒塌，整个唐山市顷刻间夷为平地，道路受阻，全市通讯、供水、供电中断.
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练2： “莫拉克”，50年来袭击该岛的最严重的台风，已造成461人死亡，192人失踪，46人受
伤。
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2) 估计…造成…损失 It is estimated that …has caused a loss of / the damage of ….
练2：据估计，这次台风造成经济损失估计超过300万元.
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5. 救援行动
词汇：send sb to hospital; call in the police; call an ambulance; donate/collect money to;
call on sb to do sth
1）幸运的是，受伤的群众被立刻送去医院.
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2）地震后，国际社会纷纷伸出援助之手—包括捐衣服，食品和药物。
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3）救援工作正在有序进行，与此同时，大家正在积极为灾区捐钱。
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4) 全国共筹款10 亿元帮助灾区人民
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1) The SARS broke out in Guangdong and Hong Kong of China in April,2003.
2) A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit /struck Wenchuan, Sichuan around 2:28 p.m. on May 12, 2008.
3)1. The flood has been the worst/most severe in the past ten years.
3)2. The earthquake is considered as one of the most terrible disasters in China after Tangshan earthquake.
2.1）The traffic accident was caused by careless driving.
2.2）The cause of the fire was carelessness.
2.3）The fire was due to the fact that someone dropped a lighted cigarette.
练习1：Tens of thousands of people were killed/ lost their precious life owing to/ in the big earthquake.
练习2：A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit Tangshan, China on July 28, 1976, causing 242,000 deaths, over 800,000 injured,
30,000 missing and great economic losses.
4. 1）The main roads were blocked.
2）Telecommunication, water and electricity supply were cut off.
练1：The whole city become in ruins with houses falling down, roads blocked and telecommu
nication, water and electricity supply cut off.
练2：Morakot, the worst typhoon to hit the island in 50 years, had claimed 461 lives and left 192 missing and 46 injured.
2）练2：It is estimated that the typhoon has caused an economic loss of more than 3 million yuan.
5. 1）Fortunately, the injured people were sent to hospital without delay.
2）International societies offered their helping hands shortly after the earthquake, donating clothes, food and medicine.
3）The rescue work is under way in good order, in the meanwhile, people are actively donating money to the disaster/ stricken
areas.
4）People all over the country have raised 1 billion yuan to help those in the disaster-hit area.
第二篇:《灾难性事件 作文》
灾难性事件
灾难性事件主要指战争、火灾（fire）、水灾（flood）、旱灾（drought）、山崩（landslide）、地震（earthquake）、海啸（tsunami）、台风（typhoon）、飓风（hurricane）、龙卷风（tornado）、火山（volcano）、暴风雨（snowstorm）、意外事故（如交通事故、空难）等。报道这类事件，一般包括事件发生的时间、地点、灾情、损失，以及救援的情况等。
写作中常用的单词和短语有：
1.发生（某地）：hit/struck/shock…（袭击了/发生在某地）
2.造成后果：(1)失踪：missing
(2)受伤：get injured
(3)死亡：kill/be killed/lose one’s lives cause 13 deaths.（造成13人死亡）
(4)电力中断：the electricity was cut off.
(5)房屋倒塌：houses collapse/fall down.
(6)冲走房屋：wash away buildings.
(7)失去家园：lose their homes.
(8)成为废墟：be in ruins;fall into ruins.
(9)菜地被毁坏了：vegetable fields were ruined.
(10)造成经济损失达…：cause economic losses of…
词汇:cause/suffer great losses,cost sb sth,destroy,ruin,in ruins,missing,steal sth from sb,rob sb of sth,break into,sink,erupt,blow up,burn down,collapse,fall off,fall down,knock into/down,wash away,blow away,cut off等。
句式：(1)…caused great damage to…（…对…造成重大损失）
(2)Hundreds of houses were burnt down in the fire.（海啸毁坏了数百栋房屋）
(3)A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.（许多房子在火灾中被烧毁了）
(4)Many houses were washed away by the flood.（许多房子被洪水冲走）
(5)After the earthquake,water,gas and electricity were all cut off.（地震过去后，水、煤气、电全被切断了）
(6)We don’t know how many towns were destroyed,but we know many people lost their home.（我们不知道有多少城镇被毁坏，但我们知道很多人失去了他们的家园）
(7)The big floods,which occurred in 1998,caused great losses.（发生于1998年的特大洪灾造成了巨大损失）