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故宫游览300 故宫游览攻略

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故宫游览300(一)

M The streets of BJ look like a ocean of bicycles. 北京真是一个自行车的海洋啊

W 是的,这个城市大约有一大半的人骑自行车,全市有900多万辆自行车 More than one half of people here ride bicycles, there are more than 9,000,000bicycles here.

M I also want to ride bicycle, do you know where I can buy one? 我也想骑自行车。哪里可以买自行车?

W您在北京停留时间不长,不必买车。楼下可以租车,一天10块钱

You are not staying long in Bj, there is no need for buying one. You can rent one downstairs for 10yuan one day.

M Great. Let’s rent one, and ride to the palace museum, then to Beihai park.太好了,那就租一辆。先去故宫,再去北海公园

W好的。不过故宫里不能骑车

Ok. But cycling is forbidden inside the Palace Museum.

M I know that. But we can leave it in the bicycle parking load at the gate.我知道。我们可以把车放在门口的自行车管理处

W现在我们来到了天安门广场,这是北京的中心

Here we are in Tian’an men Square. This is the center of Bj.

M I hear it is the biggest square in the world. What are the buildings around the square? 我听说它是世界上最大的广场,你能给我介绍一下周边建筑吗

W 西边是人民大会堂,南面是毛主席纪念馆,东面是中国历史博物馆和中国革命博物馆,中间是人民英雄纪念碑。北面是天安门。天安门原是明清两代皇城的正门,由此进入故宫,现在天安门是新中国的象征。

To the west is the Great Hall of the People, to the south is the Memorial Hall of

chairman Mao Zedong, to the east is the China history museum and China revolution museum, in the middle is the Monument to the People's Heroes. To the north is Tian’an Men, which means the gate of having peace. It’s used to be main gate to Palace Museum of the Ming and Qing dynasty through which we can go into the museum, now this gate has become the symbol of the people’s republic of China.

M I read books about CiXi and the last emperor PuYi. They used to live in the imperial palace.我曾经读过关于慈禧太后和末代皇帝溥仪的书,他们曾经住在故宫里。

W故宫过去叫紫禁城,是中国古代最后两个封建王朝明清两代的皇宫。故宫建于明朝永乐年间,始建于1406年,1420年基本建成,现在有近600年历史,这

里先后住过24个皇帝。明清两代多次重建和扩建,现在仍然保持原来的布局。这座昔日的皇宫已经成为一座博物院,藏有我国历代珍品和宫廷文物,共计90多万件,都是研究明清两代历史及历代艺术的重要资料.

The imperial palace was originally called the Forbidden City. It was the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasty, which were the last two feudal dynasties in Chinese history.

The palace was built during the reign of emperor Yongle of Ming dynasty. It started its construction in 1406 and was basically completed in 1420. it has now a history of nearly 600 years. There are 24 emperors who lived here in the past. Though it was rebuilt and extended many times, it still remains its originally lay out. This former palace has been turned into a museum keeping more than 900,000 pieces of treasure and court relics of various dynasties. They are all important materials for the study of the history Ming and Qing dynasties and arts of various dynasties.

M What does the forbidden mean? 紫禁城的禁是什么意思

W 1911年辛亥革命前,普通人是禁止进入这个宫殿区域的,当然现在任何人都能进入.

Before the 1911 revolution, ordinary people were forbidden to enter the palace ground. Now of course, anyone can enter.

M Where can I get the plan of it?我从哪里可以得到故宫的平面图

W这张北京导游图的背面就有它的平面图.

There is one on the back of the tourist map of Bj.

M And it’s in English. Great. This must be the meridian gate coming on.还是英文的,太好了。前面就是午门吗

W是的。这座门初建于1420年,游览故宫就从这里开始。以前。正中的门只有皇帝可以出入,而文武百官和宗室王公走两边的门。

Yes. This gate was first built in 1420; our visit to the palace begins here. In the past, the passenger through the central opening was strict to the emperor. Civil military officials as well as imperial clansmen used the two side openings.

M And this is the golden river bridge.前面是金水桥吗

W你显然不需要导游了。这五座白色大理石桥即名之为金水桥,它横跨金水河,穿过这些桥,并登上一段台阶,我们就走到故宫的大门—–太和门,从这里我们可以看到最大的宫殿—-太和殿壮丽的景色。在我们面前的是皇城内最大的庭院,3万平米以上。这里是由低矮的建筑物和宫门围绕的石板铺面的海洋,给人以广大空阔之感。

Obviously you don’t need a guide. The five white marble bridges are named Golden River Bridge. They span the golden river. Crossing these bridges, going up a flight of

steps, then we’ll arrive at the gate of supreme harmony, from here we can get an excellent view of the biggest courtyard, which is 300,000 square meters in the palace. Here a sea of flag stones surrounded by low buildings and gates gives the tourists an impression of vastness.

M Would you like to give me a detail account of the imperial palace? 你能给我详细介绍一下吗

W故宫东西宽753米,南北长961米,呈长方形,总面积72万平方米,由大小数十个院落组成,共有宫宇9999间半,建筑面积达15万平方米。殿宇巍峨,宫阙重叠,画柱雕梁,气象万千。皇宫四边有高10.7米的围墙环绕,周长约3公里。外有宽52米的护城河,形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。四域有角楼,精巧玲珑,异常美观。故宫是我国规模最大、保存最完整的帝王宫殿和古建筑群。The imperial palace is oblong in shape and covers an area of over 720,000 square meters. It is 753 meters wide from east to west, and 961 meters long from north to south. The palace is composed of dozens of compounds of various sizes, with 9,999 and a half halls and chambers. It covers a building area of about 150,000 square meters. With its magnificent and parallel imperial halls, painted pillars and carved beams, the whole scenery looks majestic. The imperial palace is defended on its four sides with a 10.7-meter-high wall, whose total perimeter is about three kilometers. The palace is surrounded by a 52-meter-wide moat which makes it a heavily-guarded castle. In the four corners of the imperial palace stand four turrets respectively. They are gracefully constructed and pleasing to the eye. The imperial palace is the biggest and best-reserved imperial palace and ancient architectural complex in our country.

M How many halls in the palace? 故宫里有多少间房子

W 9999间半

M That’s a strange number. 真是个奇怪的数字

W据说天宫的房子有一万间,人间的房子不能比天宫的多,只好比它少半间。

M That’s interesting. Do you know all the stories about it?真有趣。你知道故宫的所有故事吗

W我只知道一部分。我见过一个人,他知道这里的一切

M Where is he? Can we call him on? 他现在在哪里,我们能拜访一下他吗 W恐怕不能了。他在这里住过18年,后来去世了

M You mean PuYi, the last emperor, don’t you? What was the original use of the imperial palace’s halls? 你说的是末代皇帝溥仪。这些宫殿原是干什么用的 W故宫主要建筑分为外朝和内廷两大部分。外朝主要有三大殿,建于三层汉白玉石台基上,原来是历代皇帝举行即位、诞辰及节日庆典等重大活动,办理朝政和接见大臣的地方。后面的三座大殿是内廷的主体,原是明清两代24个皇帝居住和处理朝政的地方。东西两边各有6座自成体系的宫殿,这12座宫殿是嫔妃、

皇子居住、游玩和祀神的地方。

The main buildings of the imperial palace are divided into two sections: the outer court and the inner court. In the outer court are three grand halls built on a three-storey terrace of white marble. They were places where the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties held such elaborate ceremonies as coronation, birthday and festival celebrations, attended to court affairs and received their ministers. The three grand chambers behind them were the principal part of the inner court. They were places where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties used to reside and attend to state affairs. On their eastern and western sides are six self-independent units of imperial halls and chambers respectively. These twelve units of imperial halls and chambers were places where empresses, imperial concubines, princes and princesses lived, amused themselves and worshipped gods.

M What was the original use of the particular imperial hall?

W这座宫殿初建于明朝,后在清雍正时重修,这里是皇帝居住和举行日常活动的地方。正间是皇帝接见大臣的地方,西间是皇帝阅览奏折和同大臣们共商大计的地方,东间同治光绪年间慈禧太后垂帘听政的地方。辛亥革命后,末代皇帝溥仪决定在此退位,标志着中国几千年封建王朝的结束。

This hall was first built during the Ming Dynasty and reconstructed during the Qing Dynasty when Emperor Yongzheng was in reign. This was a place where the emperors resided and did daily routine work. The room in the middle was the place where the emperor received their ministers. The room in the west was the place where the emperors read memorials to the throne and discussed state affairs with their ministers. The room in the east was the place where Dowager Cixi ruled court in place of the young Emperors Tongzhi and Guangxu from behind a screen. After the 1911 Revolution, Pu Yi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, decided to abdicate in this very room, which symbolized the ending of China’s feudal dynasties that had lasted several thousand years.

M What are the characteristics of the buildings in the imperial palace? 故宫建筑物的特点是什么

W故宫建筑有一条中轴线贯穿南北,外朝三大殿和内廷三大殿均在中轴线上,其余的宫殿分列两边,对称布局,层次分明,主体突出。故宫建筑精美,气势雄伟,集中体现了中国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,成分反应了中国古代匠师的高超技术和创作才能。故宫在中国历史上占有十分重要的地位。

There is a central axis running from north to south in the Imperial Palace. Both the three grand halls of its outer court and the three grand halls of its inner court are located on this central axis. The other halls and chambers lie on its two sides, so symmetrically and well arranged that they highlight the main buildings on the central axis. The Imperial Palace is built delicately and gracefully, with an imposing magnificence. It is a centralized indication of the excellent tradition and unique style of China’s ancient architectural art, and also a full reflection of the superb skill and artistic talent of ancient Chinese craftsmen and artisans. The Imperial Palace occupies

a very important position in China’s architectural history.

故宫游览300(二)

作品说明:

故 宫

这是我画的画儿,我画的主题是故宫。我来为大家介绍一下故宫吧!故宫为世界五大宫殿之首,其它四大宫殿分别是法国凡尔赛宫,英国白金汉宫,俄罗斯克里姆林宫和美国白宫。它是中国明,清二代24个皇帝的皇宫。明朝第三代皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后,决定迁都北京,即开始营造紫禁城宫殿,至明永乐十八年(1420年)落成。依照中国古代星象学说,紫微恒

(即北极星)位于中天,乃天帝所居,天人对应,是以皇帝的居所又称紫禁城。明成祖朱棣就是故宫里的第一位主人。

故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。“外朝”与“内廷’’以乾清门为界,乾清门以南为外朝,以北为内廷。故宫外朝,内廷的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和殿,中和殿和保和殿三大殿为中心,其中三大殿中的“太和殿”俗称“金銮殿”,是皇帝举行朝会的地方,也称为“前朝”。

故宫从永乐年间建成到1911年清帝逊位的约五百年间,历经了明清两个朝代二十四位皇帝,是明清两朝最高权力中心的代表。

中央工艺美院附中艺美小学 五(2)班 张泽阳

故宫游览300(三)

故宫游玩路线

午门进入紫禁城,沿中轴线参观内金水桥、太和门、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清门、乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园。通过御花园左侧的门进入西六宫,依次参观储秀宫、翊坤宫、永寿宫、咸福宫、长春宫、太极殿,出内右门回到乾清门广场,东行进入内左门,参观东六宫延禧宫、永和宫、景阳宫、承乾宫、钟粹宫。沿东长安街再回到乾清门广场,向东穿过景运门进入锡庆门再进入皇极门,参观皇极殿、宁寿宫、扮戏楼、畅音阁、养性殿、乾隆花园、贞妃井。由神武门离开故宫。

故宫解说词

一、永乐皇帝要搬家

我们常说中国有5000年的历史,在历史上,前前后后有很多不同的朝代,也有很多很多皇帝,离现在700多年,明朝出现了他的第三个皇帝叫朱棣,打架都叫他永乐皇帝。那时候,明朝的都城在南京,但是永乐皇帝决定搬家去北京。为什么他要搬家呢,原来永乐皇帝为了跟他的侄子抢皇帝在南京杀了好多人,当地很多人都反对他,而北京是他曾经住过20多年的地方,更加安全,而且他觉得北京离蒙古草原近,皇帝呆在那可以保护北方不被少数民族骚扰,而且它的位置在国家比较居中的位置,交通方便,古代没有飞机和铁路,只能走路、骑马、坐船,而北京恰好是“京杭大运河”的起点站,这条运河贯通了海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江这5条大河,坐船到外面非常方便,所以更适合当都城。用了皇帝下定决心把家搬到北京之后就下令让人盖新房子,这一建就足足花了14年。

二、一城套一城

作为一个国家的都城,北京城的建设一点都不能马虎,它里里外外有好几层,一层围着一层。在最里边的是紫禁城,也就是皇宫,是皇帝居住和办公的地方。为什么要叫紫禁城呢,因为皇帝朱的地方是禁止别人随便出入的,如果没有批准就跑进去,是要被棍子打屁股的,甚至坐牢、杀头。

在紫禁城外面的那层,是皇帝下属办公的地方,叫皇城,四面开了7座城门,中间的那个门就是天安门。这一层皇城,以前老百姓也是不能随便跑进去的,它的墙是红色的,上面有黄色琉璃瓦,我们今天看到天安门两侧的红墙就是南城墙。 第三层就是内城,它除了有城墙包围,在四个角落还建有角楼,城墙外边就是护城河。

最外面那层就是外城,这是为了加一层防护罩,防止敌人打上门来。

北京城由这几层套起来,皇帝住的地方被包在最核心、非常安全。而这些建筑并不是随便排列的,它们都看着中间一条中轴线,一个个排好队,看上去又整齐,又有不同的变化。

三、石头要溜冰

紫禁城工程浩大,8000多个房子,需要无数工匠从全国各地聚集过来干活,他们有木工、石工、瓦工、油漆工…..要干活,首先得有材料,木头、石头、玉石,光运输这些材料就非常麻烦。

皇帝家用的木头不是普通的木头,是名贵的金丝楠木,这种树要长到100岁以上,非常的结实,要几个人拉着手才能围着它抱上一圈。这些大森林里砍下来的木头是通过河流和大运河运到北京的,而在北京西南郊开采出来的石头,虽然没法浮在水面上但它的运输也离不开水。保和殿后的那块云龙石阶是紫禁城最大的石

雕,有200吨那么重,在运输之前,人们先把路上的坑填好,而且每隔一段路就挖一口井,等到冬天的时候就打水泼在路上,让路上结冰,虽然在光滑的冰面上华东是一个省力的好办法,但2万多人1000多头骡子还是花了足足28天才把这块大石头运到目的地。

而其他的大石头同样经过千辛万苦运到紫禁城之后,它们大多铺设在中轴线的御道上,也就是专门给皇帝走的路。

四、皇帝,“犼”喊你回家

“我爱北京天安门”,刚才说了,天安门就是皇城的正门,它有12层楼那么高,也叫“承天门”,在古代的人看来,它好象高到快顶天上了。 天安门前有个桥,叫外金水桥,前面还有石狮子和华表。

高高的华表上刻着龙和云的花纹,在顶端,还有一只小动物,叫hou,可不是猴子哦。华表在天安门前后各有一对,但它们上面的hou的朝向是不一样的。 在门里的hou面向着皇宫,意思是跟皇帝说,喂,你不要老是呆在里面啊,出来跟老百姓交流一下嘛。在门外的hou是背向皇宫的,意思是跟皇帝说,喂,你不要出门逛太久了,该回来上班干活了!

五、午门打屁股

紫禁城是最神秘的地方,以前老百姓不能进去,现在我们可以随便参观了。 进入紫禁城有4个门,南边的午门,北边的玄武门,东边的东华门和西边的西华门。门不是随便进去的,东华门是二品官员进出的,西华门是皇帝皇后到西边的园子去玩时进出的,而宫里其他人平常都走玄武门。皇帝要去景山玩,也是走玄武门。景山是皇宫北边堆起来的一座小山,有49米高,爬上去可以看到紫禁城的整个样子。那么,午门是干啥用的呢?午门就像一个凹字,好象有5只小鸟停在上面,所以又叫“五凤楼”,午门的门洞很好玩,“明三暗五”,也就是正面看有3个门洞,背面看有5个门洞,正中那个,是御道穿过的地方,皇帝一个人专用的,不过皇后嫁给他的时候可以走进去一次,如果有人考上了状元、榜眼、探花,也就是全国考试前三名,也可以走出来一次。而皇帝的下属,有一些大臣半夜就要起床赶路,为的是要在凌晨3点赶到午门这个地方排队等上班。如果他们没把活干好,或者不小心得罪了皇帝,皇帝还会喊人把他抓起来,在午门这个地方打他的屁股。。。。。。

六、太和殿为啥被雷劈?

进入午门,就是正式进入紫禁城了。沿着一条中线,从南到北,紫禁城分成好几块,像太和殿、中和殿、保和殿,它们都是在一条直线上排列的,这个区域主要是皇帝办公的地方。而与“前朝”相隔一条“天街”的是“后廷”,也就是说,走过乾清门,后面就是以乾清宫、坤宁宫、慈宁宫为主,是皇帝下班回家休息的地方,再往北,就是御花园,就好比我们楼下的小区,是皇帝和他老婆、老妈、孩子玩耍休闲的地方。先来说下太和殿。它是我们国家现在保存的最高的宫殿建筑,35米,相当于12层楼,而且面积很大,里面的装饰也非常漂亮,皇帝的宝座就是在这座宫殿里。太和殿前面的广场,它相当于皇帝家的院子,有3万平方米,在世界上也是超大的。

太和殿很重要,皇帝登基、结婚,或者准备亲自出去打仗,要举行典礼,都在这里搞。但倒霉的是,太和殿在历史上一共被烧掉了4次,重新建了4次。有两次,是被雷打中着火,有两次,是其他地方着火,烧了过来。为什么这么容易招火灾呢?原来以前没有避雷针,但宫殿又盖得高,又是木头做的,所以很容易被劈到被烧着。紫禁城刚完工没几个月,大火就把三大殿烧毁了,让刚刚搬新家的永乐皇帝很不开心,觉得上天是不是故意惩罚自己呢?后来紫禁城有记录的火灾还有几十次,所以城里各个地方放了300多个水缸,装满水随时灭火。在冬天里,还要给这些水缸加温,防止水结冰。这些水缸又叫“门海”、“太平缸”,意思是“门前有大海”,但这个靠手工来舀水的“大海”效率还是太低了,后来又发明了一种叫“激桶”的东东,也就相当于一个大型水枪。所以紫禁城的消防队员,他们办公的地方叫“激桶处”。

六、考试要考一整天

另外两座殿,夹在中间的中和殿,主要是做皇帝的休息室,因为太和殿要举行隆重的典礼,还没开始的时候,皇帝就要在这里歇一会,准备一下。皇帝还经常在这里请大臣吃饭喝酒,或者开会商量事情。

而保和殿呢,除了作为皇帝的宴会厅、会议厅,还有一个重要作用:考试。在明清时,学生们要一路考试,越考越难,考上了秀才,再考举人,接着考贡士,考上了才有机会到北京参加全国最高档的考试——殿试。殿试可不像你们期末考一样,只用考1个小时,人家是考上整整一天的,最多中间就给你点饼吃,给点茶喝。考完之后,主考官把试卷收上来批改,选出前10名给皇帝看。皇帝看啊看,觉得哪个人字写得好,内容也写得好,就给他定一、二、三名,也就是状元,榜眼,探花。这些人可以留在皇帝身边做官,帮助他管理国家,在以前算是找到了最高级的工作了。

七、皇帝也要请外教

你是不是觉得能当皇帝就好了,想打谁屁股就打谁屁股,让谁第一名谁就第一名,还住着那么豪华的房子?

其实皇

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