【 – 话题作文】
情况zhenming(一)
情况zhenming(二)
1. Introduction
English has been learned as second language by Chinese students on the first day they go to school. But most students have found there are many difficulties on how to learn English well. In China, middle school students learn English for entrance examination. They don"t know why and how to learn English, that is to say, their learning motivation is not obvious. On the other hand, they only learn English based on the textbook and what the teacher has taught, their methods and way of learning are simplex. Especially in rural district, compared with students in cities, hardware and software facilities such as multi-media and net resources have not been used for English learning.
In a word, rural middle-school students have less learning time and less learning resources than the students in the city. In cities, most students were sent to all kinds of English training class by their parents or join some summer camps which are helpful to their English. And they have foreign teacher and experienced English Chinese teacher in their school. But in rural areas, they may even not have a teacher who is majoring in English. If have, the teachers were invited to cities after many years" teaching in rural areas. The students have never read any English book or listened to any English videos if their teacher has not asked them, some of them may have to help their parents to do too much housework after class, so that they have less time to learn. In this circumstances, how to help students in rural middle-school to learn English or how to teach in rural areas is what the educators concerning about. It is a challenge to those educators, because most students in China are from countryside.
In foreign language teaching, self-learning has many ways to express: for example, autonomous learning, self-directed learning, self-instruction, independent learning, and self-access learning. all these expressions have emphasized the main idea of autonomous learning ——self. And it emphasizes the learners" self-control, self-direct and self-reinforcement, which in order to show the importance of independence in learning. Independent learners can control themselves when they are learning something; they need or desire to learn. They also know what to learn, why they learn and how to learn. So, to the learners, whether they could do the effective
learning activities or not depend on the following main factors. First, subjective initiative. Keeping subjective initiative is very important. Subjective initiative is the key of autonomous learning. Learning enthusiasm comes from the inner learn-motivation of learners. If learners can make the most of this initiative, they may learn more actively, learning would be more interesting and effective. Second, make or set up an effective study plan. Learning plan helps learners find the learning targets; it includes the content you learn, learning schedule and learning objective. In a word, all the plan need to be made based on the learners" level. And make sure that you will do as you have planed. The Third is having a scientific way of learning. To develop an effective English learning strategy can not only improve learning efficiency, but also help the learners to find the confidence. Learning strategy may helpful in cultivating a good learning awareness. Learning strategy is so important for these students who want to learn themselves. The last one is self-control and mutual-control, which is the guarantee of learning quality.
It is said that the more we know about the learners, the better we can teach. Based on this notion, the author has done a preliminary research from learner"s perspective on Autonomous learning Shizong Number 2 Middle-school students.The unexpected results show that there exists some problems in students" English learning, and this investigation provides us a lot of reflections on the teacher"s task in the future.
2. Leaning Characteristic of Rural Middle-school Students
2.1 The Characteristic of Learning Behavior
We have experienced that we never read an English book except our teacher has asked. It is hard and impossible for middle school students to do autonomous learning. They don't know why they learning English.Some students are afraid of this subject because they don"t know what the teacher has said in the class. And some students are too shy to speak in English when they are facing too many people that are why some students can get high marks in exam but poor in spoken language. Also, some students speak Chinese-English(Chiglish).They express themselves in a way they speak Chinese. According to the investigation, there are fewer students will practice their
spoken English by themselves. Here is a questionnaire about how and how often the students practice their oral English. On the first question, about 65% students practice their spoken language by reading the textbook, 20% students will do the practice with their partners,the rest never do any practice because they don't like English or they will feel sick when seeing the book which full of English words. On the second question, absolutely fewer will do that because they don't have the language environment. You can imagine this, if you speak English to your friends or the person around you whose mother tongue isn"t English in English. They would think you as a person out of mind. Nobody would like to take risk.
With students growing older, they have less time to do the same thing because the higher grade they have, the more subjects they have to learn, so they seldom have chance to learn English. On the one hand, fewer students will do the listening after class and they have not any methods to practice their listening except the tape they listened in the class not even watching English movies or listen the English songs. Also, the higher grade they have, the worse their vocabulary become because they don't have a scientific way to memorize the words. Even worse, they begin to hate and be afraid of learning English because they don't get a good result as they expected.
In a word, the environment and students themselves" study features restrict their learning behavior. More important, improper language environment and bad learning habit made English learning become more complex and difficult. Different language learning beliefs have made English teaching and learning become more and more difficult because some students think that English is useless.
2.2 Psychological Features of Rural Middle-School Students in English Learning
First of all, English is new to most rural middle-school students, English learning may arise their interests to new things. And this interest will keep them to concentrate on what the teacher has taught. The psychological characteristics of rural middle school students are as the followings.
Adolescent students are in physical, psychological and other aspects of the dramatic changes. The psychological characteristics of students learning English will have a huge impact to the students.
2.2.1 Volatility
The volatility of the development of middle school students are in multiple aspects of performance. They are mentally alert, but one-sided large, easy to extreme. Their enthusiasm, but are impulsive and have great volatility. To increasing the quality of their strong will, and perseverance in overcoming difficulties is not enough. Similarly, in the process of learning English, they often psychological turmoil because of their performance for the heightened interest from time to time, sometimes lost interest, often because of some frustration to give up learning English.
2.2.2Closure
The inner world of students and variety, but do not easily show it. They are often reluctant to express themselves in front of everybody, so many students before high school students will not speak English, and this will directly affect their oral exercise.
However, some psychological characteristics of students are able to promote their own learning of English effectively.
2.2.3 Autonomy
Middle school students have their own concept of autonomy. And there are many actions show a strong autonomy and independence. They have their own views and propositions to many things, and the correct use of this psychological feature of high school students can promote their own learning. Self-awareness and independent personal character make them desire something like private space to keep independence and have personal learning environment best.
2.2.4 Aggressive:
High school students are energetic, quick reaction, elegant and quite "fearless" momentum. If a teacher can guide students, then students would be motivated to study the psychological challenges of English. We should make full use of this psychological feature to learn. As a teacher, how to motivate students" potential should be write on the bill.
3. Psychological Problems and English Learning
3.1. Definitions of Psychological Problems
According to Longman dictionary, “Psychology is the science or study of the thought processes and behavior of humans and other animals in their interaction with the environment.” (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English，Yang Zhenming, P1138) Psychological problems are those problems which often interfere with your emotional or physical health, your relationships, work productivity, or life adjustment; You need to talk to someone who can help you to solve this psychological problems.
3.2. Types of Psychological Problem
When English becomes one of our main subjects, students in middle school have to face it in a bilingual classroom for the first time, and different states of mind about English learning arise. Some feel greatly absorbed. Some feel strong interests. But many students get nervous, depressed, discouraged or even hurt after some setbacks. These feelings occupy their minds. If not managed properly, they become obstacles in their studies. Here we classify these psychological discomforts into 4 main types.
3.2.1 Depression
It is an illness that affects your body, mind, disposition, thought, sleep, energy, concentration, weight, and much more, depression is not a mood, or a sign of personal weakness, and it cannot be simply willed away. It often causes tremendous emotional pain and reduces work productivity and makes you absent-minded. Its main symptoms are:
Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood;
Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism;
Feelings of worthlessness, helplessness;
Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were
Once enjoyed;
Having difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions;
Students who have depressed feeling always lack energy in English class. No matter what the teacher is teaching, he or she is uninterested. The whole period is absent-minded or sleepy. You can see how he is feeling through his expressionless face and his vigorless eyes. But he will not talk in class. Silence is his symbol.
3.2.2 Strong Dependence on Others
情况zhenming(三)
老新镇工作情况汇报
老新镇位于潜江市南部，与监利县接壤，是著名的“口子镇”；红色旅游资源独特，是革命烈士刘赤生的故乡，素有“红色苏区”之称；是全省闻名遐迩的畜禽养殖第一镇。辖区总面积130平方公里，耕地6.3万亩，总人口5.6万人，辖31个行政村、2个社区居委会和60多家企事业单位。党委下辖8个总支68个支部，党员1498人。机关干部在编人员39人，其中在岗25人，离岗14人。党委班子成员共11人。
去年以来，在市委、市政府的正确领导下，我们团结带领全镇人民，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，大力实施“工业兴镇、农业稳镇、商贸活镇”发展战略，突出项目建设、新农村建设、平安建设、作风建设四项建设，着力开展招商引资，着力优化农业产业结构，着力加强城镇建设与管理，着力保障和改善民生，着力加强党的基层组织建设，实现了经济大发展、面貌大改观、民生大改善、党建大提升。2010年，全镇实现社会总产值32.08亿元，同比增长16.06%，其中农业总产值6.1亿元，同比增长24.74%，企业总产值25.98亿元，同比增长14.15%；工商税收完成350.65万元，同比增长10.44%；全社会固定资产投资完成2.84亿元，同比增长42%；农民人均纯收入7101元，同比增长18.47%。2010年，我镇被授予“全市农村工作先进单位”、“全市农村劳务经济开发工作先进单位”、“全市农村环境整治先进单位”、“全市城乡规划建设管理先进单位”、“全市小城镇建设先进单位”、“全市组织工作先进单位”、“全市安全生产先进单位”。
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一、坚持科学发展，实现了经济发展大跨越
（一）农业经济在结构调整中快速增长。我们坚持以农业增效、农民增收为核心，认真落实强农惠农政策，切实加强农业基础设施建设，按照“突出养殖特色、提升种植水平、发展现代农业”的思路，努力实现农村经济发展新突破。一是畜禽养殖特色明显。2010年，全镇生猪出栏12.3万头，实现产值2.38亿元；家禽出笼154.7万只，实现产值3200万元；水产品总产3491吨，实现产值4364万元。2011年，预计出栏生猪18万头，家禽出笼152万只。围绕创建全省畜禽养殖第一镇目标，大力推广生猪标准化、规范化养殖，全镇有生猪、家禽2个专业合作社，形成了“镇有万头生猪养殖小区，村有千头生猪养殖场，组有百头生猪养殖户”的发展格局。今年，通过招商引资，引进资金1000万元兴建一个占地20亩饲养量达20万只的标准化蛋鸡养殖场，年产值可达2500万元。二是高效种植模式规模形成。2010年，全镇粮食总产2.8万吨，产值6099万元；棉花总产1826吨，产值8844万元；油菜总产1.05万吨，产值3744万元。今年预计油菜总产量可达1.1万吨、小麦总产量1898吨、水稻总产量2.7万吨、棉花总产量1840吨。全镇建立高产高效示范片四个，以田李村为重点，建立千亩意杨苗圃基地；以姚桥、文成、田李村为重点，建立万亩优质棉基地；以四化垸、通盛垸为重点，建立2个万亩优质稻基地；以四化垸、通盛垸、马家湖为重点，建立3个万亩优质油菜基地。三是农村劳动力转移力度加大。全镇实有劳动力2.35万人，其中有外出务工人员1.37万人，占农村劳动力人口的58%。其中老新裁缝就有上万人，年创收1.24亿元，农民工资性收入在总收入中比重逐步增加。
（二）工业经济在做大做强中稳步发展。为了在工业经济发展上有新突破，我们坚持以招商引资为抓手，全力
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推进创业创新。一是在盘活存量资产上下功夫。积极鼓励外出务工人员回乡创业，赤生村返乡青年李金年投资1000万元创办淇越制衣有限公司，盘活了原徐李政府闲置资产；全福村返乡青年投资500万元兴办了旺达制衣厂，盘活了原老新织布厂闲置资产。二是在企业技改扩规上下功夫。引导柳五水产投资1000万元引进2台先进生产加工、冷冻设备，鼓励阳光织布厂投资500万元引进2条医用材料生产线。三是在强化服务上下功夫。制定了《关于建立领导班子成员联系企业制度的通知》，实行班子成员包联企业责任制，深入企业了解生产经营情况，研究解决生产经营中存在的困难和问题，促进企业做大做强、稳步发展。目前，全镇初步形成了以恒发棉业、亚利服饰、环瑞建材为代表的农副产品加工、纺织服装、建材等三大重点产业集群，工业经济有明显向好趋势。
（三）第三产业在积极培育中迅猛壮大。我们按照“巩固一产、提升二产、做大三产”的要求，大力调整优化产业结构，促进镇域经济由传统产业体系向现代产业体系转变，第三产业在镇域经济中的比重不断增加。全镇初步形成了农资一条街、餐饮一条街、建材家装一条街的“一街一品”发展格局。今年，我们成功引进湖北鑫园商贸有限公司，投资
2.3亿元，建设占地71.63亩设施先进、功能齐全，集农副产品交易、信息发布、物流仓储、商务休闲、餐饮娱乐等为一体的潜南农产品商贸物流中心。目前，前期征地、项目审批等工作已基本完成，可望在7月份开工。项目竣工后，可极大推动老新及周边区域农产品交易流通，预计年交易额5亿元以上，完成税收500万元以上，并可容纳商户200余户，吸纳400余人就业。
二、坚持统筹发展，实现了城乡面貌大改观
（一）城镇规划科学合理。我们按照“完善功能、提升
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水平、辐射周边、扩充容量”和推进城镇化、构建大城镇格局的总体思路，认真修订编制了我镇集镇总体详规，确立了“北延西扩、功能分区”的集镇发展规划，拓展发展空间，提高城镇聚集力、承载力和辐射力，加速推进城镇化。
（二）城镇建设规模空前。按照“引资造城、引农兴城、引商活城”发展战略，完善基础设施建设，着力推进城镇大开发。去年以来，我们千方百计争取项目资金近1000万元，完成了老新集镇路段黑化改造、向阳西路升级改造，完善下水管网1800米，铺设人行道彩砖8000平方米，更新节能路灯300盏，新栽绿化树400棵，实现了城镇亮化、绿化、美化，提升了潜南重镇对外开放的形象。同时，通过经营城镇土地资产，积极完善农产品商贸物流中心配套设施建设，努力将兴建路打造成气质全新、功能齐全、标准一流的“发展大道”。
（三）城镇管理规范有序。针对城镇乱搭乱建、无序经营、卫生意识差等“老大难”问题进行了重点整治。共发放致城镇居民、商户的一封信580份，拆除影响镇容镇貌遮阳棚780个，取缔不规范广告牌350个，铲除乱堆乱放垃圾点30余处，严禁商户出店、占道经营。同时，为巩固整治成果，建立了一套行之有效、居民能接受的城建管理长效机制，如意识按城市标准培养，建设按规划审批监管，经营按要求规范运作，环卫按合同全天保洁等。目前，老新城镇管理规范有序、形象陡升。
（四）新农村建设扎实推进。我们按照“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”二十字方针，扎实推进新农村建设。通过争取项目，整合资源，以改善村居环境、提升生活质量、提高幸福指数为目标，高标准打造了以田李村、文安村为代表的第一批新农村建设试点示范区。田李村、文安村今年被省住建厅确定为第一批“省级宜居村
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庄”试点验收单位。通过试点示范，有力促进了我镇清洁家园和新农村建设工作。
三、坚持和谐发展，实现了民生事业大改善
（一）强农惠农政策得到落实。我们严格执行中央、省、市各项惠农政策，按照“专户管理、封闭运行、一卡通式发放”的要求，采取发放致农民朋友公开信、公示补贴面积、定期不定期检查等方式，努力强化惠农资金的管理、使用和监督，确保惠农政策落到实处。
（二）社会事业协调发展。目前，老新镇发展是“建设如火如荼、项目铺天盖地、变化翻天覆地”。一是项目争取规模空前。积极争取农业建设项目，改善了农村生产生活条件。争取改水资金600万元，解决剩余7个村1.8万人安全饮水问题；争取资金323万元，高标准地修建了东风河、徐家洼泵站；争取市级支持，完成了老新电排河、龙湖河疏浚固堤工程；争取项目资金700万元实施喇塌湖农业综合开发。积极争取“校安工程”项目，改善了办学条件。争取资金246万元，新修了徐李中学学生住宿楼、老新小学教师宿舍楼以及老新小学、徐李小学学生食堂和东荆小学学生进出通道。积极争取卫生系统三项建设项目，改善了就医环境。争取资金150万元，整修了住院大楼，添置了多功能病床60张，安装空调20台。二是劳动和社会保障进一步加强。全镇累计转移农村富余劳动力1.37万人次。组织农民工技能培训两期400人次，城镇职工、居民养老保险覆盖率80%以上。“新农保”试点工作已经全面启动。三是城乡医疗保险得到普及。城镇职工医疗保险参保率达100%，新型农村合作医疗参合率达100%。四是城乡义务教育均衡发展。全镇现有中小学5所，教师248名，在校学生3773人，小学入学率、巩固率均为100%，初中入学率、巩固率达98%以上。幼儿园7所2098人。五是文化事业蓬勃发展。新建农家书屋8家，
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情况zhenming(四)
情况zhenming(五)
现代塑料加工应用 2010年第22卷第3期
MODERN
PLASTICSPROCESSINGANDAPPLICATIONS
57
综 述
傅勇(,南京,210048)
摘要:,对聚乙烯燃气管、给水管、耐热聚乙烯(PE2RT)管和聚乙烯非承压管这4,并就存在的问题和发展提出了相应的分析与建议。
关键词: 管道 应用 专用料 开发
ApplicationsofSeveralKindsofPolyethylenePipeandProgressof
DevelopingSpecialMaterials
FuYong XuZhenming
(NanjingResearchInstituteofSINOPECYangziPetrochemicalCo.Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210048)
Abstract:ThepolyethylenepipehasbeenmoreandmorewidelyusedinChina.Theapplicationsofpolyethylenegaspipe,polyethylenewaterpipe,polyethyleneofraisedtem2peratureresistance(PE2RT)pipesandpolyethylenenon2pressurepipeinChinawerere2viewed.Theprogressindevelopingspecialmaterialsforpipewasalsointroduced.Inaddi2tion,theexistingproblemsandthedevelopmenttrendwerediscussedandsomesuggestionsweregiven.
Keywords:polyethylene;pipe;application;specialmaterials;development
聚乙烯管道凭借其众多的优点,目前已在诸多领域得到应用,并成为这些领域的主要管道品种,为管道行业的持续发展和技术进步发挥了