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高中英语语法大全 高中英语语法大全word

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【篇一】高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法归纳总结

高中英语语法权威解析

目录:

第01章 名词性从句

第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象

第04章 主谓一致

第05章 动词不定式

第06章 倒装结构

第07章 定语从句

第08章 被动语态

第09章 祈使句

第10章 感叹句

第11章 疑问句

第12章 名词

第一章 名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is + 名词 + 从句

It is a fact that 事实是

It is an honor that 非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that 是常识

(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句

It is natural that 很自然

It is strange that 奇怪的是

(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句

It seems that 似乎

It happened that 碰巧

It appears that 似乎

(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句

It is reported that 据报道

It has been proved that 已证实

It is said that 据说

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

(3)It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

a) What you said yesterday is right.

b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

正确表达:I admire their winning the match.

错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三. 表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四. 同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

高一英语名词性从句专项练习

1.____he does has nothing to do with me.

A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If

2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about

C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about

3. Energy is ____makes thing work..

A. what B. something C. anything D. that

4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as

5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.

A. there B. in which C. where D. when

6. They have no idea at all____.

A. where he has gone B. where did he go

C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone

7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.

A. that B. which C. of which D. of that

8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.

A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave

C. /; must leave D. when; should leave

9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether

10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.

A. that B. which C. whether D. if

11. Is _____he said really true?

A. that B. what C. why D. whether

12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.

A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where

13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.

A. while B. if C. that D. for

14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.

A. Whether B. This C. who D. If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.

A. What B. That C. Whether D. If

16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.

A. What B. That C. Who D. How

17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.

A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what

18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

A. What B. It C. All that D. That

19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.

A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped

20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位

【篇二】高中英语语法大全

最好的高中英语语法大全(精品)

高中英语语法大全

词法

第1章 主谓一致

一.概念:

主谓一致是指:

1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如: There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。 例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

2)当either or 与neither nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组

成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

4. 谓语需用单数的情况

1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:

All is right. 一切顺利。

All are present. 人都到齐了。

2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:

His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如: Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况

1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语

动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

2)用

常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。

3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由

more than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

三.巩固练习

( C ) 1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.

A. were, was B. was, was

C. was, were D. were, were

( A ) 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played

C. are playing D. play

( C ) 3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and

grass.

A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are

C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are

( B ) 4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits.

A. seem B. seems

C. seemed D. are seemed高中英语语法大全

( A ) 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license.

A. has B. have

C. is having D. are having’

( B ) 6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours.

A. is B. are C. were D. be

( B )7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable.

A. are B. is C. has been D. have been

( C )8. When ______ the United Nations founded?

A. is B. are C. was D. were

( B )9. Every possible means _____ .

A. has tried B. has been tried

C. was tried D. were tried

( C ) 10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me.

A. was B. were C. has D. have

( D )11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk.

A. are B. must C. have been D. is

( C )12. Nobody ______ seen the film. It’s a pity.

A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have

C. but my friends has D. but I have

( B )13. No teacher and no student ______.

A. are admitted B. is admitted

高中英语语法大全

C. are admitting D. is admitting

( D )14. All but one ______ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were ( A )15. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided

C. has not decided D. have not decided

( A ) 16. The writer and singer ______ here.

A. is B. are C. were D. do

( C ) 17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.

A. are B. was C. is D. were

( C ) 18. In those days John with his classmates _____ kept busy preparing for the exam.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

( B ) 19. —— ____ your clothes?

——No, mine _____ hanging over there.

A. Is it, is B. Are these, are

C. Is it, are D. Are these, is

( D ) 20. The Smith’s family, which ____ rather a large one, ____ very fond

of their old houses.

A. were, were B. was, was

C. were, was D. was, were

(B ) 21. What the teacher and the students want to say _____ that either of the countries ____ beautiful.

A. are, are B. is, is

C. are, is D. is, are

( D ) 22. He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are

C. have been D. has been

( B ) 23. _____ of my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings ______ their duty.

A. Each, are B. Both, is

C. Neither, are D. None, is

( C ) 24. —— What do you think of the ______ of the coat?

—— It’s rather high. You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.

A. value B. cost C. price D. use

( C) 25. —— Are the two answers correct?

—— No, ______ correct.

A. no one is B. both are not

C. neither is D. either is not

( B ) 26. The wind, together with rain and fog, _____ making sailing difficult.

A. have been B. was

C. / D/ are

四.答案

1.C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 12.

C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. D 23.

B 24. C 25. C 26. B

第2章 动词的时态

一. 概念:

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。

第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到时间了" "该了"。例如:

【篇三】高中英语语法大全

最新初中高中英语语法大全(完全版)

英语语法大全

初中英语语法

学习提纲

一、词类、句子成分和构词法:

1、词类:英语词类分十种:

名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.高中英语语法大全

5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here,

often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。

如:I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名

词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote mea letter .(他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter tome . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:()

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually

keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my (他常常) / The teacher wanted me )

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmateTom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

高中英语语法大全

3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:

(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词:①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;

Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

3、转换法:

(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等

等。

(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。

二、名词:

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population,

information .

2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child

→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格:

1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法

如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如:Childern‘s Day(儿童节), my sister‘s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如:Teachers‘ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s. 如: newspaper(), break(), China‘s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。

如:

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]:

① s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt‘s(我阿姨家), the doctor‘s(诊所) ②两人共有某物时,可以采用A and B‘s的形式,如:Lucy and Lily‘s bedroom(露西和丽丽

合住的卧室)

③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father‘s(我父

亲的一位朋友), a friend ofmine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

1、和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词

用单数形式:如:The computerwas a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Threehave a map of China.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。

如:There isa sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There aresome sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The newsis very exciting.

(这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。 baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,

谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his sonare picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chipsis very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、there be句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There isa table and four chairs

in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a . (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two monthsis not

a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometersis quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名

词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况:What‘sthe population of China?(中国人口是多

少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

5、部分名词用法辨析:

1、sport、game、match、race的区别:sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如:People all around the world enjoy (全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league (联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They (汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别:festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文

娱活动;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如:will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during (在暑期你打算做什么事情?)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别:journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅

行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如:.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?) / through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

4、sound、noise、voice的区别:sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人

的“嗓音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes指许多种类的鱼;

fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

三、代词:

1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、

疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。

2

1购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / That‘s it.(就那么回事) / It‘s he!(是他!)

2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:(今年

谁教你们的英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)

3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可

以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:–Who is it?(是谁?) –It‘s I/me.(是我。)

4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如: .(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –.(你和我)

5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”

等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:–What‘s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It‘s fine.(天气晴好) / –What‘s the time?(几点啦?) –It‘s 12:00.(12点) / It‘s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go (很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

3

Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)

2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、

宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如:

This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?)/ Your .(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如:

A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)

[试比较] .(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)

4Don‘t play with the knife, you might hurt (不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)

2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:

is good. Only he didn‘t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)

6、 指示代词:指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

【篇四】高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法大全

一、词类、句子成分和构词法:

1、词类:英语词类分十种:、、、、、、、、、感叹词。

1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:(格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:(杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter ()

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: ()

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:(7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom (() / The teacher wanted .(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪

里?)

3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:

(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming,

congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

3、转换法:

(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。

二、名词:

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .

2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose

→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格:

1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加‘s。如:Childern‘s Day(儿童节), my sister‘s book(我姐姐的书)高中英语语法大全

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加‘。如:Teachers‘ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s. 如: newspaper(今天的报纸), break(十分钟的课间休息), ().

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]:

① s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt‘s(我阿姨家), the doctor‘s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B‘s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily‘s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father‘s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of (我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

1、和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:(计算机是个了不起的发明)(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数: (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如: very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:

baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:.(房间里有

一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。 .(你

和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:(要

么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:.(两个月不

是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three (因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third (学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况: (中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three

)(句子用复数)

5、部分名词用法辨析:

1、sport、game、match、race 的区别:sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 (2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the (联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / (汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别:festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假日、

休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the (在暑期你打算做什么事情?)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别:journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的

意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a (他步行观光去了)(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?)is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

高中英语语法大全

4、sound、noise、voice的区别:sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如:of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠)shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes 指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可

数名词。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

三、代词:

1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和

不定代词等等。

2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

第三人称单数 第一第一人 第二人 阳性 阴性 中性 人称称单数 称单数 复数

I she it we 主 you (你) he

(我) (他) (她) (它) (我们) 格

me her it us 宾 you (你) him

(我) (他) (她) (她) (我们) 格 第二人称复数 you (你们) you (你们) 第三人称复数 they (他们,她们,它们) them (他们,她们,它

们) 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如: often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are from

Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?)(他们上哪儿去了?) / That‘s 就那么回事) / It‘s (是他!)

2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:(今年谁教你们的英语?) / Help

(救救我!) / We often write letters to (我们常给他写信)

3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大

多用宾格。如:–Who is it?(是谁?) –It‘s I/me.(是我。)

4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如:

Both working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –.(你和我)

5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非

人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:–What‘s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—‘s fine.(天气晴好) / –What‘s the time?(几点啦?) –‘s 12:00.(12点)‘s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。

第一人 第二人 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 称单数 称单数 阳性 阴性 中性

your his her its our your 形容 my their (他们的,她

(他的) (她的) (它的) (我们的) (你们的) 词性 (我的) (你的) 们的,它们的)

Yours his hers its ours yours 名词 mine theirs(他们的,她

(我的) (你的) (他的) (她的) (她的) (我们的) (你们的) 性 们的,它们的)

1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如: (那是你的伞吗?)(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / .(是他们的书)

2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千

万不可以跟名词。如: (这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?) / rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如: .(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)

[试比较] .(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)

4、反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射

Don‘t play with the knife, you might hurt (不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)

2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:

ly he didn‘t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)

6

What‘s(这是什么?)(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ (是谁?) —(是我!)

6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。

1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中

担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。

如:The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的)

2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:

? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗?)

3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:()

4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Can you see the man/dog 你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗?)

7、连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。

英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。

8

(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).

(1)some和 any 的用法:

some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:I have

(今天我有些事情要做).(他们有朝一日会去那儿)

some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:?(你要加

糖的咖啡吗?)

any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:

They didn‘t have (他们在这里没有朋友)(你有问题要问吗?)

any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)

(2)no和none的用法:

no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点).(他们没有阅读用书可以出借) none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如:of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)

(3)all和both的用法:

all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:I know

of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / –Would you like this one or that one? –你要这个还是那个?两个都要。)

all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,

其中的of 可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)

(4)every和each用法:

every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念;

each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放

在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前

every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如

they/them/their)替代。(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)

(5)either和neither的用法:

either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。

neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如:I don‘t care much for what to drink. of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / –Will you go there by bus or by car? –(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)

(6)other、the other和another的用法:

other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又

一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如:

.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块?) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书)

【篇五】高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法总结大全完整版

高中英语语法大全

词法

第1章 主谓一致

一.概念:

主谓一致是指:

1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如: There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

2)当either or 与neither nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:

Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

4. 谓语需用单数的情况

1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:

All is right. 一切顺利。

All are present. 人都到齐了。

2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:

His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如: Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况

1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语

动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。高中英语语法大全

3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由

more than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

三.巩固练习

( ) 1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.

A. were, was B. was, was

C. was, were D. were, were

( ) 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played

C. are playing D. play

( ) 3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and

grass.

A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are

C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are

( ) 4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits.

A. seem B. seems

C. seemed D. are seemed

( ) 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license.

A. has B. have

C. is having D. are having’

( ) 6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours.

A. is B. are C. were D. be

( )7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable.

A. are B. is C. has been D. have been

( )8. When ______ the United Nations founded?

A. is B. are C. was D. were

( )9. Every possible means _____ .

A. has tried B. has been tried

C. was tried D. were tried

( ) 10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me.

A. was B. were C. has D. have

( )11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk.

A. are B. must C. have been D. is

( )12. Nobody ______ seen the film. It’s a pity.

A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have

C. but my friends has D. but I have

( )13. No teacher and no student ______.

A. are admitted B. is admitted

C. are admitting D. is admitting

( )14. All but one ______ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were ( )15. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided

C. has not decided D. have not decided

( ) 16. The writer and singer ______ here.

A. is B. are C. were D. do

( ) 17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.

A. are B. was C. is D. were

( ) 18. In those days John with his classmates _____ kept busy preparing for the exam.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

( ) 19. —— ____ your clothes?

——No, mine _____ hanging over there.

A. Is it, is B. Are these, are

C. Is it, are D. Are these, is

( ) 20. The Smith’s family, which ____ rather a large one, ____ very fond

of their old houses.

A. were, were B. was, was

C. were, was D. was, were

( ) 21. What the teacher and the students want to say _____ that either of the countries ____ beautiful.

A. are, are B. is, is

C. are, is D. is, are

( ) 22. He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are

C. have been D. has been

( ) 23. _____ of my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings ______ their duty.

A. Each, are B. Both, is

C. Neither, are D. None, is

( ) 24. —— What do you think of the ______ of the coat?

—— It’s rather high. You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.

A. value B. cost C. price D. use

( ) 25. —— Are the two answers correct?

—— No, ______ correct.

A. no one is B. both are not

C. neither is D. either is not

( ) 26. The wind, together with rain and fog, _____ making sailing difficult.

A. have been B. was

C. / D/ are

四.答案

1.C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 12.

C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. D 23.

B 24. C 25. C 26. B

第2章 动词的时态

一. 概念:

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。

第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

【篇六】高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法总结

高中英语语法简单总结:

高中语法难在复杂,要记忆的知识点太多、太杂,我结合高中的语法要求大纲简单总结了我个人认为比较主要的知识点。大体把握思路,知道都有哪些知识点,然后多看、多做题,总结经常错的知识点,其实知识点是有限的,只要多看几遍,多过滤几遍,就会发现漏网之鱼已经很少了。

下文总结了十二个要点:

1、主谓一致

2、时态

3、语态

4、非谓语动词

5、情态动词

6、虚拟语气

7、句子种类

8、名词性从句

9、状语从句

10、定语从句

11、强调句

12、倒装句

当然以上并不是全部要点,还有一些比较基础的,比如:祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单,在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了,不需要刻意背诵。

一、主谓一致 主谓一致的关键在于,分条记清楚,不要混淆。

1、 以动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式; (动词不定式短语作主语) (动名词短语作主语) What he said is very important for us all. (从句作主语)

2、 由连接词and或bothand连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连

接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。

The writer and artist has come.

由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。

Every student and every teach is in the classroom.

Many a boy and many a girl likes it.

No boy and no girl likes it.

Each of us has a new book.

Is everyone here today?

Somebody is speaking in class.

Everything around us is matter

若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

None of the sugar was left.

None of us has (have) been to America.

3、 在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行

词的数一致。(画线为先行词) Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. 4、 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致。 5、 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式; 如果它指的集体的成员,

其谓语动词用复数形式。

His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)

His family are watching TV.(他的家人)

6、由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 此外,还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法(用复数),但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定(用单数)。

The number of pages in this book is three hundred.

6、 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two hills stands a monument.

7、 表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table.

8、 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。

都属于形式上是复数的名词, 实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。

I don’t think physics is easy to study.

9、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人动词用复数;若表示某一类东西时,动词用单数。 (老人们) The beautiful gives pleasure to all.(美好的东西)

10、there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即就近一致。

There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

11、主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语, 谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。

ANobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.

二、动词的时态

动词的时态是日常口语、写作都要用到的,并不仅仅局限于考试,所以是一个英语语法的基础。对于应用考试,时态的难点通常是过去完成时、过去进行时、将来完成时,难在时间点、时间段的判别,通常会有关键词比如ago\since等等,如果没有关键词就要结合语境判断时间的延续性和间断性。

1、 一般现在时:do/does,( 系动词is/am/are )

(1)一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。

(2)主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

I’ll go there after I finish my work.

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

(3)在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell.(铃响了。)

There comes the bus.(汽车来了。)

Here she comes.(她来了。)

2、 一般过去时:did,( 系动词was/were)

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

3、 现在进行时:is/am/are doing

(1)表示正在进行的动作。

(2)表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

She is leaving for Beijing.(她要去北京。)

(3)代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

The sun is rising in the east.(太阳从东方冉冉升起。)

4、 过去进行时:was/were doing

(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示) He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

(2)表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行

They were still working when I left.

(3)用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生

I was writing while he was watching TV.

(4)表示过去将来动作

He said she was arriving the next day.

5、 现在完成时:has/have done

(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已完成的动作。

I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.

(2)表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间

状语连用。

He has learned English for six years.

(3)表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。

—Where is Li Hua?

-He has gone to the reading-room.

—She knows a lot about Shanghai.

-She has been there.

(4)短暂动词(即瞬间动词),

join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说:He has joined the army for three years.

要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用

①“ago法”

He joined the army three years ago.

②“延续法”

He has been in the army for three years.

③“since法”

It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

6、 过去完成时:had done

(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up.

(2)表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继

续下去。

He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

(3)常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、

打算或意图。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

7、 将来完成时:will/shall have done

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when,before引起的时间状语连用。

We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

8、 现在完成进行时:has/have been doing

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。

He has been doing the math problems since 8:00.

9、 过去完成进行时:had been doing

表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,还将继续下去。 She had been waiting at the station for 5 hours. She was still waiting. (有表示一段时间的状语)

10、一般将来时:will/shall do;is/am/are going to do;is/am/are(about)to do

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。

(1) be + doing 进行时表将来:

go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。

He is moving to the south.

Are they leaving for Europe?

(2) be about to + 动词原形:

表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语。

I was about to leave when the bell rang.

The meeting is about to close.

(3) be to + 动词原形

表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。

We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.

(4) 一般现在时表将来:

时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来。

The meeting starts at five o’clock.

三、动词的语态(被动语态的句型) 动词的语态主要是被动语态的应用,比较简单。

1、常见句式是:主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者)。

He was scolded by the English teacher.

2、主语+get+过去分词+其它成分。(使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”)

The boy got drowned last summer.

3、带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。

She lent me a bike.被动:①I was lent a bike(by her). ②A bike was lent to me(by her).

4、情态动词+be+过去分词。

This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5、双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分。

These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.

四、非谓语动词

非谓语不是难点,但是一个比较复杂的知识点,要记要背的东西比较多,但用熟了以后就会脱口而出,没有太大难度,主要在多用、熟悉。

1、只接不定式做宾语的动词:hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen.

2、只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语:mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to.

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