【 – 初中作文】
篇一:《忻州云中河水上公园植物资源多样性调查》
目录
摘 要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 引言………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 1 忻州云中河水上公园及周边地区的气候特点 ………………………………………………………………… 2 2 调查内容及方法 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2.1 调查内容 ……………………………………………………………………………… 错误!未定义书签。 2.2 调查方法 ……………………………………………………………………………… 错误!未定义书签。 3 结果与分析 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 错误!未定义书签。
3.1 景区植物名录 ………………………………………………………………………. 错误!未定义书签。 3.2 景区植物科属统计 ……………………………………………………………….. 错误!未定义书签。 3.3 结果分析 ……………………………………………………………………………… 错误!未定义书签。 4 忻州云中河水上公园植物生长状况 ………………………………………………… 错误!未定义书签。 5 关于忻州云中河水上公园植物栽培和管护的建议 …………………………… 错误!未定义书签。 参考文献 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
忻州云中河水上公园植物资源调查
作者:薛众 指导教师: 白建华 (忻州师范学院生物系 1102班 034000)
摘 要 通过对忻州云中河水上公园现有植物种类的调查、鉴定和统计,以及植物生
长状况的全面调查,从而分析和研究景区植物的下一步的优化原则,以期为新品种引进,科学管理以及合理利用现有植物资源,建设高水准的植物多样性生态景区、实验实习和教育教学基地提供科学参考。结果显示:云中河景区现有植物(包含变种和栽培变种)总计25科48属84种(不含水生) 但单属科、单种属偏多,分别占72%、64. 6%,不过仍可满足一般性的教学和科研需求,可以作为教学的课外场所和实习基地。根据统计分析,本文也给出了一些建议,以期为我们景区的后续建设提供一点参考。
关键词 忻州云中河水上公园;植物资源;调查 引言
云中河水上公园位于忻州市城区云中河中游,东西长4.57 公里,南北平均宽度450 米,总面积206.36 公顷1。景区在设计理念上体现了生态与景观相一致、服务市民与服务旅游相结合等特点。在功能定位上,以地域特色为主题,以生态效益为核心,景区拥有大量植物资源,然而由于公园开园时间距今不长相关资料还不完善,因而关于景区植物多样性的调查研究还处于相对空白的阶段,权威数据和资料匮乏,本课题通过对景区全方面的植物多样性调查及分析研究将为今后同类型的研究活动奠定一定的基础,同时为忻州云中河水上公园景区在植物景观方面的后续建设和优化提供一些参考和建议也为当地学校和科研机构的相关教学及研究提供一定的帮助和参考。 1 忻州云中河水上公园及周边地区的气候特点
忻州云中河水上公园位于山西省忻州市忻府区,气候特点与忻府区相近,属季风型大陆性气候,春季气温高于秋季,夏季后秋高气爽。夏季多东南风而冬季多西北风,全年无霜期平均167.1天。年均降水量462.5毫米,并且集中在7—9月份。年平均气温:8℃以上。昼夜温差较大,一年当中1月最冷,7月最热。 2 调查内容及方法
本课题主要是对忻州云中河水上公园内云中河两岸(不含水生)景区范围内所有植物进行调查和分析研究。 2.1 调查内容
植物种类及其所属科、属;总体生长情况;原产地等方面。 2.2 调查方法
以手工记录和拍照为主的实地调查。 3 结果与分析 3.1 景区植物名录
表1 忻州云中河水上公园植物名录
榆科 木犀科 蔷薇科 榆属 榆属 丁香属 丁香属 白蜡属 连翘属 女贞属 素馨属 梣属 李属 李属 李属 李属 李属 李属 李属 樱属 樱属 木瓜属 苹果属 苹果属 金叶榆 榆 丁香 小叶丁香 金叶白蜡 连翘 水蜡 迎春花 白蜡 紫叶矮樱 碧桃 樱桃 李 红叶碧桃 紫叶桃 紫叶李 樱花 日本樱花 贴梗海棠 西府海棠 红宝石海棠
1
Ulmus pumila cv.jinye
Ulmus pumila Linn Syringa Linn
Syringa pubescens ssp. microphylla
Fraxinus Linn
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc.
Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.
Prunus×cistena
Amygdalus persica var. persica f. duplex
Cerasus pseudocerasus G. Don
Prunus salicina Lindl. Amygdalus persica f. atropurpurea Prunus persica 'Atropurpurea Prunus Cerasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea
(Jacq.) Rehd.
Cerasus yedoensis (Matsum.) Yu et Li
Cerasus yedoensis
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Malus micromalus Makino Malus micromalus cv. “Ruby” 2
3
4
苹果属 珍珠属 珍珠属 黄杨属 桃属 桃属 桃属 桃属 蔷薇属
绚丽海棠 珍珠梅 华北珍珠梅 小叶黄杨 绿叶碧桃 紫叶碧桃 榆叶梅 山桃 月季 四季玫瑰 金山绣线菊 山楂 山杏 紫藤 金枝槐 国槐 刺槐 龙爪槐 香花槐 皂荚 龙爪柳 漳河柳 馒头柳 金丝垂柳 垂柳 旱柳 新疆杨 Malus micromalus cv. "American" Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel)Maxim. Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng Amygdalus persica var. persica f. duplex Amygdalus persica f. atropurpurea Amygdalus triloba (Lindl.) Ricker Prunus davidiana Franch. Rosa chinensis Jacq. Rosa rugosa Thunb Spiraea japonica Gold Mound Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. Wisteria sinensis (Sims)Sweet Sophora japonica 'Golden Stem'
Sophora japonica Linn. Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.
Sophora japonica Linn. var. japonica f. pendula
Hort.
豆科 杨柳科 蔷薇属 绣线菊 山楂属 杏属 紫藤属 槐属 槐属 刺槐 槐属 槐属 皂荚属 柳属 柳属 柳属 柳属 柳属 柳属 柳属 5
Robinia pseudoacacia cv.idaho
Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Salix matsudana f.tortuosa Salix matsudacernegundo
Salix matsudana var. matsudana f. umbraculifer
a Rehd.
Salix X aureo-pendula Salix babylonica Salix matsudana Koidz
Populus alba
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 卫矛科 芸香科 木兰科 忍冬科 五福花 唇形科 菊科 . 山茱科 茄科 松科 柏科 械树科 无患子 银杏科 桑科 鼠李科 紫葳科 卫矛属 卫矛属 花椒属 木兰属 忍冬属 锦带属 荚蒾属 鼠尾属 鼠尾草 万寿菊 万寿菊 梾木属 矮牵属 松属 松属 松属 云杉属 柏属 圆柏属 侧柏属 械树属 械树属 栾树 文冠果 银杏属 桑属 桑属 枣属 梓属 胶东卫矛 华北卫矛 花椒 玉兰 金银木 红王子锦带 天目琼花 一串红 鼠尾草 孔雀草 万寿菊 红端木 矮牵牛 油松 平顶松 白皮松 云杉 北京桧 桧柏 侧柏 三角枫 五角枫 栾树 文冠果 银杏 桑树 龙桑 枣树 梓树 Euonymus kiautschovicus Euonymus maackii Rupr. Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.
Magnolia denudata Desr. Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim Weigela florida cv.Red Prince Viburmum sargentii koehne Salvia splendens Ker-Gawler Salvia japonica Thunb. Tagetes patula L. TageteserectaL. Swida alba Opiz Petunia hybrida Vilm Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.
Pinus taiwanensis Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
Picea asperata Mast. Sabina chinensis L. Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco
Acer buergerianum Miq. Acer mono Maxim Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge
Ginkgo biloba L. Morus alba L. Morus alba cv. Tortuosa Ziziphus jujuba Mill. China Catalpa{关于忻州水上公园的作文}.
篇二:《忻州雅思8分作文参考》
智课网IELTS备考资料
忻州雅思8分作文参考
雅思写作是雅思考试中比较难搞的一部分,考得雅思写作高分,通常需要扎实的基础和得当的方法,如果考生具备其中之一就有可能考得高分。有时参照优秀范文也可以帮你获得一些高分灵感。下面是智课教育小编为大家整理的忻州雅思8分作文参考。{关于忻州水上公园的作文}.
雅思8分范文
Topic:Water resources around the world are falling deficient. Analyze the possible reasons and provide your suggestions.
范文:
Access to water is vital to every living creature on the planet. Despite the fact that approximately two thirds of the earth surface is covered with all forms of water bodies, countries worldwide are faced with different levels of water shortages. Some reasons can be cited to explain the emergence of this problem.
前两句简要介绍文章写作背景,第三句既承接前两句又为下面正文做了铺垫,引出下文。作文首段一般需要简要介绍写作背景和简单描述个人立场。
A trigger for water crisis is people’s lack of knowledge of the value of the water. Given the ready availability of water in many countries, people tend to believe that the reserve of water in the world is infinite. Notwithstanding the
increased expenditure on water supply, water is perceived as a cheap commodity by many families. Many people see water a perpetual resource. For this reason, the unbridled use of water is commonplace, accelerating the exhaustion of this valuable resource.
第一句话是段落的中心句,后文为展开论述支持论点。第二三四句话讲的是人类对水资源重要性的认识是如何的缺乏,最后一句话是前面论述的逻辑推论,句与句之间逻辑性强, 连接顺畅。{关于忻州水上公园的作文}.
Rapid population growth is another force contributing to the water crisis. Not only does it reduce the amount of water available for manufacture, farming and households, but also has a profound effect on the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Massive urban and industrial growth fuels unprecedented demands, often at the expense of aquatic ecosystems. Many water resources are not replenished before being re-used and depleted.
第一句话是段落的中心句。后面的分句逐层论述为什么人口增长助长了水资源危机。使用了not only ……but also 的句式,巧妙地连接两个原因。
Human-induced pollution is worthy of concern as well, a factor regarded by many as the root cause of the rapid loss of drinkable water. The untreated discharge of various pollutants such as heavy metals, organic toxins, oils and solids in water bodies is believed to have severe impacts. Industrialization, meanwhile, results in abnormal climate and
biological destruction. While some areas have become barren, other areas are hit by floods. Floods ravage everything, including reservoirs, dams and cannel. The water supply problem will intensify.
同样第一句话是段落的中心句。第二句和第三句例举了人为原因引起的污染,四五句给出了这些不合理人类行为的后果。最后一句表明问题趋势。
这三段是文章的主体部分,在一般情况下,原因通常可以归分成三段。一般来说最重要的,最有说服力的原因应该放在第一段,第二段第三段的重要性依次降低。这样可以使文章具有逻辑性和层次性。每段的段首用一句话简明的概括本段的中心论点。接着对每段的主体句进行支持性论述,分别使用了推理和例证的方法。这样不仅段落之间逻辑严密,段落内部也逻辑明朗,使文章整体富有说服力。文章注重了长短句的变换,富有节奏感。表示同一个意思时作者也变换了不同的表达方式以增加文采:如表达……的原因时使用了“a trigger for…., another force contributing to…, worthy of concern as well”。
As noted above, the steady loss of water is attributable to inappropriate usage, population growth and pollution. In order to tackle the above-mentioned problems, one can adopts various approaches, besides the existing strategies, such as restoration of ecosystems, rainwater harvest. New technologies can help ease water shortages, by tackling pollution and making used water recyclable. In agriculture, water use can be made far more efficient by introducing new farming techniques (e.g. drip irrigation). Drought-resistant plants can help cut the amount of water needed.
按照逻辑顺序,分析原因之后应该提出对策,文章最后一部分即对策部分。作者用 “As noted above……”承上启下,接下来用举例的方式给出对策。
总评:本文逻辑清晰,使用总分结构,这种结构是比较容易借鉴的。虽然使用的都是常见词汇,没有华丽的高深词汇,但是通过变换句式和表达方法使文章很富有文采,这也是可以借鉴的。大家只要在平时的雅思写作练习中有意识的注意这两点是可以掌握的。
Such is human nature to explore the unknown.A trend is that numerous people are keen on embarking on
challenging sports events such as mountain biking,rock climbing or scuba diving,especially among those dynamic young adults.My stand is that we should pursue excitement and sense of refreshment in the dull routine daily life.After all,life without risk is no life at all.
雅思写作题目:
Some people believe that personal happiness is directly related to economic success.
Others believe there are other factors.
Discuss the two sides and give your opinion.
雅思写作范文:
The pursuit of happiness has long been the dream of generations of human beings. They have always been puzzled Get Word ("puzzled"); by the essence of happiness. What is happiness? Is it closely related to one’s economic success?
Will one’s financial success lead to happiness directly? Personally Get Word ("Personally"), I don’t agree that one’s economic success is the only prerequisite of one’s happiness in life.
对幸福的追求一直都是人类世世代代的梦想,尽管人类一直困惑于幸福的真谛。幸福是什么?幸福和经济的成功有密切联系吗?个人经济上的成功能够直接带来幸福吗?就个人而言,我不认为经济上的成功是人类幸福的唯一前提。
Happiness may fall into different categories Get Word ("categories");. An old saying goes like this: “One man’s meat is another man’s poison”. Happiness may mean being a successful and respected leader of a company, or a stable and comfortable job in a large international company, or a big flat downtown, a fantastic set of furniture, etc. However, happiness can also be a harmonious and peaceful family, or a hospitable and considerate friend, or just a smile, a gesture, a hint. In fact, happiness may be composed of anything you could ever think of. At least, we may have two types of happiness: [wv]spiritualGetWord("hospitable and considerate friend, or just a smile, a gesture, a hint. In fact, happiness may be composed of anything you could ever think of. At least, we may have two types of happiness:
[wv]spiritual"); happiness and materialistic happiness.
幸福有很多种。俗话说得好,“一个人的美食可能是另一个人的毒药”。幸福可能意味着成为一个成功的受人尊敬的领袖,或是一份稳定舒适的大型跨国公司的工作,又或是市区的大房子、一套漂亮的家具等等。然而,幸福也可以是一个和谐平静的家庭,或是一个体贴热情的朋友,或者只是一个微笑、一个手势、一个暗示。事实上,幸福可以是你能够想到的任何事情。至少,我们可以有两种幸福:精神幸福和物质幸福。
One’s materialistic happiness is dependant on one’s economic success, though not completely. Without a strong and steady economic background, one could never imagine an easy and simple life, let alone an affluent and luxurious one. If you aren’t able to afford a house, a car, or even a book, anybody would be horrified at the mere mention of this kind of life. Definitely, some people will feel happy right away if their basic demands for life are satisfied. However, we have to admit that these people still need to be successful materialisticallyGetWord("materialistically"); to some degree.
一方面,一个人的物质幸福依赖于经济上的成功,尽管不是完全依赖。没有稳定的经济后盾,很难想象如何过上轻松简单的生活,更不用说富庶奢侈的生活了。如果买不起房子、车,甚至是一本书,任何人提到这种生活都会害怕。当然,有一些人只要基本的生活需求得到满足就可以立刻感到很幸福。但是我们仍然必须承认,这些人也需要某种意义上的经济成功。
On the other hand, one’s success in economy may not necessarily lead to one’s spiritual happiness. As we all know, money doesn’t get you everything and some even say that money is the root of all evilsGetWord("evils");. One’s
financial success may be built on the sacrifice of time, health and love, which are the three most essential elements of spiritual happiness. All of us are not new to this picture: a successful business man tasting loneliness alone with a broken heart.
另一方面,个人经济上的成功不见得能带来精神层面的幸福。众所周知,金钱不能带来一切,甚至有人说金钱是万恶之源。经济上的成功可能就是建立在牺牲时间、健康和爱情的基础之上,而这三件事情是个人精神层面幸福的基本要素。我们对于这个画面并不陌生:一位职场成功的男士带着一颗破碎的心独自品味孤独。
In my point of view, one’s economic success is only one of the key factors of happiness, but never the only one. To be happy, one needs to be both spiritually and materially satisfied Get Word ("satisfied"); though each of us may have a totally different picture of happiness.
以我的观点,经济上的成功只是幸福的一个重要因素,但绝对不是唯一因素。尽管我们每一个人对于幸福有完全不同的理解,要幸福就要精神上和物质上都能得到满足。{关于忻州水上公园的作文}.
Furthermore, gun serves for a reliable friend while the police crashs into a emergent situation like gun fighting or commotion. Guns are not expected to be employed to finish off the chaos but to help the police survive before the reinforcement comes.
Topic: the government should control the amount of violence in films and on television has been a contentious discussion. Views on the topic vary greatly.
大作文:some people say the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful adults for society. Others say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions.Do you agree or disagree?
我的观点是教育的短期目标是实现学生技能和思维能力的提升,从而实现个人梦想;而终极是必然是为了服务于社会,甚至人本身存在的意义就是在于服务社会。教育只是一种手段,而人更多的是通过实现个人目标而对社会有意。
My personal answer to the purpose of education is that students and teaching staff should hold critical attitudes. It means that education involves the temporary and ultimate goals. The ultimate goal of education is the service of society. However, whether or not achieving it should take the accomplishment of personal goals as the prerequisite.
On one hand, students are expecting to acquire the survival skills with the aid of schooling training in the professional skills and thinking abilities. Personal ambitions also consist of the access to their preferred working fields and the progression in the professional fields. Besides, they finally win the social respect and acknowledgement.
至于教育是否应该为社会提供服务为标准,答案是多样的。而我坚定的认为,个人目标的实现和对社会有好处总体上并不矛盾。毕业生也只有通过找到好的工作,获得体面的工作,才能发挥才干,比如成为一个杰出的建筑师的同时,个人获得了很好的薪水,对于社会做出了一定的贡献,设计更多的建筑物,满足居住和审美的需求。
When it comes to whether or not taking the social service to the society as the education goal,views differed greatly. However, I firmly believe that the accomplishment of personal wishes does not contradict to the willingness to the service of society. Graduates have to acquire the decent jobs, reasonable salary and social respect first and
simultaneously contribute to the society. Take the excellent architects as an example, they design the fashionable structures for people’s living and aesthetic demand while they can acquire adecent income as well.
当然,也存在一些个人利益与社会利益发生的冲突的时候,有效的教育应该培养他们优先考虑社会利益的思维。比如官员的贪污行为,商人的不择手段。如果教育能够在这便是成功的教育.